Poopy vInfinity

Andrew Johnson

17th president of the U.S. (1865-1869) pardoned all Confederate leaders in 1868

Freedmen's Bureau

Organization creared by Congress in 1865 that provided clothing, medical care, food, and education to both freedmen and white refugees.

Oliver O. Howard

Union general hat led the Fredmen's Bureau

10 percent Reconstruction plan

Lincoln's 1863 plan that dictated that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of its voters in the presidential election of 1860 had taken an oath of allegiance to the United States and pledged to abide by emancipation.

Wade-Davis Bill

Bill passed in 1864 that required 50% of a state's voters take oath of alliegance & stronger safeguards for emancipation, Lincoln refused to sign it

Reconstruction plan

Plan issued by Andrew Johnson in 1865 that required states to repeal decrees of secession, repudiate Confederate debts, and ratify 13th amendment

Black Codes

Series of laws designed to regulate affairs of emancipated slaves, first passed by Mississippi in 1865

sharecropping

System where plantation owners would rent out pieces of their land to blacks and make the cost of rent higher than the return the land produced

Civil Rights Bill

Bill passed by Congress in 1866 despite the Presudebt;s veto, gave blacks American citizenship and struck at Black Codes

14th Amendment

Amendment that gave civil rights & citizenship to freedmen, reduce representation in Congress if blacks couldnt vote, disqualified former Confederates from federal offices, and guaranteed federal debt

congressional elections of 1866

Elections that gave Republicans power dfrom 2/3 of ballots despite Johnson giving speeches ddenouncing radical Republicans

Charles Sumner

Led the Republiocan radicals in the Senate for black freedom & racial equality

Thaddeus Stevens

Led the Republican radicals in the House of Representatives

Reconstruction Act

Law passed in 1867 that divided South into 5 military districts, required states to ratify 14th amendment, and forced state constitutions to allow former adult male slaves to vote

15th Amendment

Amednment passed by Congress in 1869 that granted black men the write to vote

Union League

Network of political clubs hat educated members & campaigned for Republican candidates, built black churches & schools, represented blakc grievances, recruited militais to protect black communities

Scalawags

Southerners who were accused of plundering the treasuries of the Southern states through their political influence in the radical governments.

Carpetbaggers

Northerners who had come to the South to seek power and profit

Ku Klux Klan

Also known as "Invisible Empire of South" founded in Tennesse by John Westefeld in 1866, formed by White Southerners angered by success of black legislators, worked through intimidation

Force Acts

In response to KKK murders, enabled Federal troops to stop atrocities of the KKK, came too late

Tenure of Office Act

Act that required president to secure consent of Senate before he could remove his cabinet members once they had been approved by Senate, meant to keep secratary of war Edwin M. Stanton

William Seward

Secratary of State who signed treaty with Russia that gave Alaska to the U.S. for $7.2 million

Seward's Folly

Term used to refer to purchase of Alaska from American people who didn't support the purhcase