EOY History Study Guide

Flashcards about the Cuban Revolution, WWI, WWII, Gandhi, Mandela, and Garvey

Communism

A theory or system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.

Dictator

A ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by force.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

Nationalism

Advocacy of political independence for a particular country.

Decolonization

The act of getting rid of colonization, or freeing a country from being dependent on another country.

Liberator

A person who liberates a person or place from imprisonment or oppression

Cold War

A state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare.

Nationalism

A devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation

Imperialism

Economic and political control over weaker nations

Militarism

The growth of nationalism and imperialism led to increased military spending

Alliance System

Europe was divided into two armed camps

Rivalry

Competition for the same objective or for superiority in the same field.

Military

The armed forces of a country

Alliance system

A mutual agreement, outlined in a document, between at least two (or more) countries.

War Guilt Clause

Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war.

Reparations

Germany had to pay £6.6 billion for the damage done during the war

Allied Powers

An alliance during World War II made up of the countries that opposed the aggression of Nazi Germany.

Axis Powers

The collective term for Germany, Italy, and Japan’s military alliance in opposition to the Allied Powers.

Appeasement

The British and French policy of conceding to Adolf Hitler’s territorial demands prior to the outbreak of World War II.

Fascism

A totalitarian form of government which glorifies the state, has one leader and one party, all aspects of society are controlled by the government, no opposition or protests are tolerated and propaganda and censorship are widely practiced.

Lebensraum

Literally “living space,” Adolf Hitler’s justification for Germany’s aggressive territorial conquests in the late 1930s.

Mein Kampf

This was part autobiography and part political treatise written by Adolf Hitler.

Communism

An economic and political system that is based on the principles of socialism

Totalitarianism

A system of government in which one party tries to rule with complete control over every aspect of the lives of its citizen.

Anti semitism

Feeling or showing hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a cultural, racial, or ethnic group

Atomic bomb

A bomb whose violent explosive power is due to the sudden release of energy resulting from the splitting of nuclei of a heavy chemical element

Belligerent

States taking part in a war or; the individuals authorized to use armed force.

Holocaust

Historically used to describe a sacrificial offering burned on an altar but now synonymous with the mass murder of millions of European Jews and other targeted groups

United Nations

An international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security

Civil disobedience

The refusal to follow certain laws or pay taxes and fines to protest a government’s actions and policies.

Mahatma

“great soul;” a person regarded with loving respect; a holy person or sage.

Nationhood

Refers to the status of belonging to a nation(-state) or to a national identity.

Nonviolence

The use of peaceful means, not force, to bring about political or social change.

African National Congress (ANC)

A national liberation movement formed in 1912 to unite the African people and spearhead the struggle for fundamental political, social and economic change.

Apartheid

Term means ‘separateness’ in Afrikaans; A system of laws that enabled the minority of white people who lived in South Africa to rule the country while it discriminated against all who were categorised as non-white.

Segregation

The policy of keeping one group of people apart from another and treating them differently, especially because of race, sex, or religion.

Black consciousness

A sense of identity among Africans. It promoted racial pride and the establishment of an independent black nation in Africa.

Black Star Line

The steamship company operated by Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association from 1919 to 1922.

Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)

An organization founded by Marcus Garvey in 1914 designed to construct and maintain economic and cultural links between the communities of the black diaspora.

Rastafari

A religious and political movement that began in Jamaica in the 1930s and combines Protestant Christianity, mysticism, and a pan-African political consciousness.