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age distribution

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The proportion of individuals of different ages within a population.

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agricultural density

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The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.

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53 Terms

1

age distribution

The proportion of individuals of different ages within a population.

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2

agricultural density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.

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3

carrying capacity

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely.

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4

census

A systematic enumeration of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.

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5

contraception

Methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy during or following sexual intercourse.

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6

crude death rate (CDR)

The number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people in a population.

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7

crude birth rate (CBR)

The number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people in a population.

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8

Demographic Transition model

A model that describes the transition of a country from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as it develops.

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9

demography

The statistical study of populations, including the structure, distribution, and trends in population changes.

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10

dependency ratio

The ratio of the dependent population (aged 0-14 and over 65) to the working-age population (aged 15-64).

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11

doubling time

The period of time required for a quantity to double in size or value, often used in population studies.

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12

ecumene

The inhabited or habitable areas of the Earth.

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13

epidemiological transition model

A model that describes the changes in population health and disease patterns as a country develops.

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14

infant mortality rate (IMR)

The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given year.

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15

J-curve

A graphical representation of population growth that shows an initial period of slow growth followed by rapid increase.

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16

life expectancy

The average number of years a person can expect to live based on current mortality rates.

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17

Malthus, Thomas

An economist and demographer known for his theory that population growth will outpace food supply, leading to famine and conflict.

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18

maternal mortality rate

The number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births due to complications from pregnancy or childbirth.

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19

Neomalthusians

Advocates of population control who believe that population growth will lead to resource depletion and environmental degradation.

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20

overpopulation

A condition where the number of people exceeds the capacity of the environment to support them.

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21

population pyramid

A graphical representation of the age and sex distribution of a population.

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22

rate of natural increase (RNI)

The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate, indicating population growth.

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23

sex ratio

The ratio of males to females in a population.

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24

total fertility rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman would have during her lifetime based on current birth rates.

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25

zero population growth

A condition where the number of births plus immigration equals the number of deaths plus emigration, resulting in no net population change.

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26

asylum seeker

An individual who flees their home country and seeks protection in another country.

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27

brain drain

The emigration of highly trained or qualified individuals from a particular country.

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28

chain migration

A process where immigrants from a particular town follow others from that town to a new destination.

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29

circulation

The short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.

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30

counterurbanization

The net migration from urban to rural areas.

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31

desertification

The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.

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32

diaspora

The dispersion of any people from their original homeland.

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33

emigration

The act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another.

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34

floodplain

An area of land adjacent to a river that is subject to flooding.

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35

Gravity Model

A model used to predict the movement of people between two locations based on their population sizes and the distance between them.

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36

guest worker

A person who migrates to a country to work temporarily.

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37

immigration

The act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

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38

internal migration

The movement of people within a country.

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39

internally displaced person

A person who is forced to flee their home but remains within their country's borders.

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40

intervening opportunity

A feature that causes a migrant to stop and settle before reaching their intended destination.

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41

migration

The movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling temporarily or permanently.

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42

mobility

The ability to move freely and easily.

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43

net migration

The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants.

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44

push factors

Conditions that drive people to leave their home country.

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45

pull factors

Conditions that attract people to a new country.

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46

quota

A limit on the number of people who can immigrate to a country during a specific time period.

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47

Ravenstein's Laws

A set of principles that describe the patterns of migration.

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48

refugee

A person who has been forced to flee their country due to persecution, war, or violence.

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49

remittance

Money sent back home by migrants to support their families.

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50

step migration

Migration that occurs in stages, often from rural to urban areas.

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51

suburbanization

The process of population movement from within cities to the suburbs.

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52

transhumance

The seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.

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53

urbanization

The process by which an increasing percentage of a population comes to live in urban areas.

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