SPS - Ergogenic Aids

What is a ergogenic aid

• an substance or technique that improve performance

3 classification of ergogenic aids

• Legal

• Illegal

• restricted

WADA criteria to ban drugs

1. medical evidence proves the substance or method has potential to enhance performance

2. Medical evidence on the substance or method presents health risk

3. method or substance violates the spirit of sport

Practice, aids + strategies of each catagory: Legal

Legal

practice : warm up

Aids : video analysis

Strategies : dietary, physio, psychological

Illegal : practice + aids + strategies

practice : blood transfusion

Aids : drugs (illegal) technology (unfair equipment)

Strategies : illegal team strategies

Altitude Training

> 2000 metres, amount of oxygen available is significantly less

• Benefit is to increase RBC

• Brain will send messages to increase RBC once oxygen is lesser

• Increase ability to transfer blood oxygen to the working muscle

cons of Altitude Training

Cost, Detraining may occurs as intensity must be lowered.

Sports drinks

Contain : Electrolytes (sodium), Carbohydrates (glucose)

Advantages : provide hydration, replenishes electrolytes and energy.

Creatine - What is it/advantages

• Creatine supplementation is designed to increase the supply of creatine inside each muscle fibre

• Enables ATP molecules to regenerate

• generally used by endurance athletes

Creatine - disadvantages

• weight gain

• possible kidney/nausea/muscle/severe muscle tears problems.

Blood Doping

1. blood is removed from the body and stored to mantain cell structure

2. During a rest period blood volume is restored, triggered by body’s release of a hormone (EPO)

3. Pre comp the RBC are infused to increase the Indivuals red blood cell count

Blood Doping - advantages & disadvantages

Advantages - More RBC, increased oxygen carrying ability, increase fitness

Disadvantages - Thickening of blood, blood clotting, stroke, Heart attack, dehydration

Anabolic Agents - what are they

• synthetic or natural substances that mimic the action of testosterone

• which is responsble for bone and muscle growth

Advantages + disadvantages - Anabolic Agents

advantages - Reduced fatigue, improved recovery. increased lean muscle tissue, increased strength

Disadvantages - Liver damage, aggression, paranoia, stroke, heart attack

What do stimulants do

speed up the central nervous system which controls

• heart rate, blood pressure, stroke volume, respiratory rate, metabolism

e.g - amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, ephedrine

Narcotic agents

Mask pain by acting upon the central nervous system, depress and desensitise pain and injury messages sent to the brain.

e.g heroin

Diuretics

• increase fluid loss from the body by increasing urine production

• Can be used to mask the presence of other drugs during a urine sample

• can reduce weight quickly

HGH

• naturally occuring

• HGH stimulates the production of cartilage, bone and muscle