History of Policing System: Anglo-Saxon to Modern Philippines

These flashcards cover the historical evolution of policing systems from the Anglo-Saxon period in Ancient England to the modern development of the Philippine National Police.

Thanes

Landowners under King Alfred the Great who were decreed responsible to police territory, deliver criminals to the King, and settle civil litigations.

Frankpledge System

A system of mutual pledge where every male over 12 years old joined nine neighbors to form a group responsible for apprehending offenders.

Tythingman

The head of a group of ten men (tythingmen) whose duty was to apprehend any person who offends another and deliver them for trial.

Tun Policing

Under this system, all male residents were required to guard the town (the forerunner of the word "town") to preserve peace and order.

Hue and Cry

A system where a complainant shouts in the middle of the community to call all male residents to assemble and go after a criminal.

Royal Judge System

A practice that started the identification of criminals where a judge conducted investigations and gave punishments fitted to the crime.

Trial by Ordeal

A method where a suspect placed hands over boiling water or oil; injury indicated guilt, while no injury resulted in acquittal.

Shire-Reeve System

A system where King William Norman divided England into 55 military districts; the Shire was the district and the Reeve was the ruler.

Sheriff

The title of the chief of constables or police officers in a certain town, which evolved from the term Shire-reeve.

Traveling Judge

An official held responsible for deciding cases taken from Shire-reeves due to abuses.

Court of the Tourn

A court that heard petty offences and civil matters, and from which 12 tuthinamen were selected to hear serious cases, originating the 12-member jury.

Court Leet

Established by the Normans to handle purely local interest and petty village nuisances in some communities.

Comes Stable

A term meaning "Master of the House" who was often appointed by the King to keep peace; it is the origin of the word "Constable."

Legis Henrie

A law enacted under King Henry I that classified law violations as offenses against the King and made policemen public officials.

Keepers of the Peace

Knights appointed by King Richard in 1195 to keep the King’s peace by standing as guards on bridges and gates.

Magna Carta (Great Charter)

A document sealed on June 15, 1215, by King John declaring that no freemen shall be imprisoned except by legal judgment of his peers.

Statute of Winchester (1285)

A law enacted for law and order that introduced the system of WATCH AND WARD.

Statute of 1295

A law that began the closing of the gates of London during sunset and initiated the observation of curfew hours.

Justice of the Peace

A position given to a respected citizen who has the power to arrest, pursue, and imprison offenders.

Star Chamber Court

A special court established to try offenders against the state.

Night Watchmen (Charlies)

Also called Bellmen, these were established by King Charles II in 1663 to be on duty from sunset to sunrise.

Bow Street Runners

Known as thief catchers, these were organized by Henry Fielding when he was the Chief Magistrate at Bow Street of London.

Bow Street Horse Patrol

A group formed by Henry Fielding to patrol main roads and secure travelers from highwaymen or highway bandits.

London Metropolitan Police

Created by Sir Robert Peel on September 29, 1829, it became the world’s first modern organized police force, later called Scotland Yard.

Sir Robert Peel

The British statesman who earned the title "THE FATHER OF MODERN POLICING SYSTEM."

Carabineros de Seguridad Publico

Mounted Police organized in 1712 for carrying out Spanish government policies, later acting as port, harbor, and river police.

Guardrilleros

Rural police created in 1836 composed of $5\%$ of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each town, serving for at least 3 years.

Guardia Civil

Created on February 12, 1852, this body of Filipino policemen relieved Spanish Peninsular Troops of town policing duties.

Kempetai

The Japanese Military Police responsible for maintaining peace and order in Manila and adjacent urban areas during the occupation.

Metropolitan Constabulary

The name given to the Manila Police Department under the Bureau of Constabulary during the Japanese occupation.

Insular Constabulary

Created on July 18, 1901, by virtue of ACT # 175, titled as "ArfAct Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary."

Manila Police Department (MPD)

Organized on July 31, 1901, by virtue of Act # 183; its 1st Chief of Police was Capt. George Curry.

Philippine Constabulary (PC)

Renamed from the Insular Constabulary on October 3, 1901, by virtue of Act # 255.

Henry T. Allen

The first Chief of the Philippine Constabulary (1901-1907) known as the Father of Constabulary in the Philippines.

Rafael Crame

The first Filipino Chief of Police who served as the PC Chief from 1917-1927.

Police Act of 1966

Republic Act # 4864, which created the office of the Police Commission (POLCOM) under the Office of the President.

PD # 765

Enacted on August 8, 1975, it integrated the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police.

DILG Act of 1990

Republic Act # 6975, which created the Philippine National Police (PNP) and declared it national in scope and civilian in character.

PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998

Republic Act # 8551, which amended RA # 6975 to reorganize the PNP for the purpose of reforming and professionalizing it.

Cesar P. Nazareno

The first chief of the Philippine National Police.

Republic Act # 11200

An act providing for the Rank classification in the Philippine National Police, amending Section 28 of RA # 6975.

Republic Act # 11279

An act transferring the PNPA and the NPTI from the Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC) to the Philippine National Police.