Topics 3, 4, and 5

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15 Terms

1
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Cellular Metabolism

The set of chemical reactions that occur within a cell, influenced by cell size and material exchange efficiency.

2
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Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio (SA:V)

A critical factor that affects cellular function, where a higher ratio allows for better material exchange.

3
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Plasma Membrane

A selective barrier that regulates the entry and exit of substances, maintaining homeostasis within the cell.

4
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Phospholipids

The fundamental building blocks of the plasma membrane, consisting of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

5
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Membrane Fluidity

The ability of the plasma membrane to remain flexible, influenced by temperature and the presence of unsaturated fatty acids.

6
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Fluid Mosaic Model

A description of the plasma membrane as a dynamic structure with a phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins.

7
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Integral Proteins

Membrane proteins that are embedded within the lipid bilayer, often involved in transport and communication.

8
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Peripheral Proteins

Membrane proteins that are loosely attached to the membrane's surface, involved in signaling and maintaining cell shape.

9
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Glycolipids

Carbohydrates bonded to lipids in the membrane, contributing to stability and functionality.

10
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Glycoproteins

Carbohydrates attached to proteins, playing a role in signaling and cell recognition.

11
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Cell Wall

A rigid structure surrounding plant cells, providing support and protection, primarily composed of cellulose.

12
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Plasmodesmata

Channels in plant cells that connect adjacent cells, facilitating communication and material transport.

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Turgor Pressure

The pressure exerted by water inside the plant cell, maintained by the cell wall and essential for plant health.

14
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Challenges of Larger Cells

Larger cells face difficulties in nutrient intake and waste expulsion due to a decreased SA:V ratio.

15
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Evolutionary Advantage of Smaller Cells

Smaller cell sizes are favored in many organisms for efficient metabolic processes and material exchange.