archaea and viruses

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9 Terms

1
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types of archaea

  • sometimes similar to bacteria

  • do not have peptidoglycan in walls. rather an s- layer

  • some can survive above 100C

2
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archeal membrane lipids are unique

  • they are ether-linked instead of esterlinked

  • they have a glycerol-1-phospjate instead of a glycerol-3-phosphate#

  • some unbranched hydrocarbons occurs with bacteria or eukarya

  • some have a tetraether monolayr likely to confer ability to survive in extreme environments

3
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methanogens

  • only archaea are able to produce methane. not bacteria. first isolated in 1936

  • some methanogens live kilometers under the ice in greenland or swamos and marshes

  • anaerobic conditions bc oxygen is toxic to them

4
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potential uses for biogas and bioplastics production

  • research has shown that halophilic enzymes make be useful as thermostable biocatalysts for making biodegradable plastics

  • polyhydroxybutyrate is bio derived and stored in haloarchaera

5
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cell theory of life

  • cells are the basic unit of life

  • all living things are composed of cells

  • cells coem from preexisting cells

6
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highly conserved basic chemistry in all cells

  • info processing systems: replication, trancription and translation are highly conserved

  • introns in genes? archaea only in some genes histones present in some species

  • polymerases associated with transcription factors and other accessory protiens reguate transcription to form mRNA

  • ribosome made up of a small subunit and a large subunit regulate translate to form the primary structure of proteins

7
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RNA polymerase similarities

  • moleular machinery for transcription is highly conserved across the three domain of life

  • archae polymerases : eukaryotic like

  • several types and protein stricyure is similar to eukaryotes

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ribosomal RNA similarities

  • moelcular machinery for translation is highly conserved across the 3 domains of life

  • archeal ribosomal units eukaryote like

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biotechnical uses of archaea

they dont cause diseases

decomposers in sewage treatment facilities

DN polymerase from pyrococcus furiousus used in some PCR kits