AMSCO AP Human Geography: Chapter 6 (Topics 3.1 - 3.4)

AP HG

culture

All of a group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects are part of a certain way of life.

cultural traits

The visible and invisible elements that define a community are known as specific characteristics.

cultural complex

A series of interrelated characteristics make up a more extensive set of related traits.

culture hearths

An area in which a unique way of life or specific characteristics develop serves as an origin point.

cultural diffusion

The process by which lifestyles developed in specific areas spread to other locations.

taboos

Behaviors that a community heavily discourages.

traditional culture

Long-held beliefs, values, and practices are passed down through generations and generally resist rapid change.

folk culture

The beliefs and practices of small, homogeneous groups of people, often living in rural, isolated areas, that evolve slowly.

indigenous culture

Members of an ethnic group residing in ancestral lands typically possess unique traits, such as an exclusive language.

globalization

The increased integration of the world economy is known as.

popular culture

Cultural traits that spread across large areas and are adopted by various groups.

global culture

Cultural traits that are accepted and practiced worldwide.

cultural landscape

The modified environment by a group reflects their beliefs and values.

artifacts

Any object created by human beings that typically carries cultural or historical significance.

material culture

This encompasses tangible items that can be experienced through the senses.

mentifacts

Core beliefs, values, and ideas that shape a group's identity encompass the intangible aspects.

nonmaterial culture

Intangible concepts, such as beliefs and practices, without physical presence are referred to as.

sociofacts

The social structures and cultural norms that shape interactions within a community are called.

placelessness

While the modern cultural landscape is diverse, it may also showcase striking similarities across locations.

cultural landscape

The visible reflection of a way of life in the built environment, including any human alterations.

built environment

The physical artifacts created by humans that contribute to the landscape.

traditional architecture

A style of building reflecting the history, beliefs, and local materials of a community.

postmodern architecture

This movement emerged after the 1960s, shifting from boxy structures to high-rise buildings with modern materials.

contemporary architecture

A recent style that pushes the limits of design in the 21st century, reflecting business and corporate identities throughout city skylines.

ethnicity

This refers to belonging to a group defined by shared experiences, ancestry, customs, and language.

ethnic enclaves

Communities where people of the same culture are often surrounded by a dominant culture.

cultural regions

Areas defined by characteristics like religion, language, and ethnicity, often intersecting with each other.

cultural realms

Larger areas identified by geographers that contain several regions sharing similar traits.

sacred place

Specific locations and natural features that hold religious significance are called.

diaspora

The dispersal of a group of people to various locations.

charter group

The first group to establish customs in an area.

ethnic islands

In rural regions, cultural concentrations where housing types and agricultural practices reflect heritage.

sequent occupance

The process by which different groups move in and out of neighborhoods, leaving cultural imprints.

neolocalism

This process involves re-embracing the uniqueness of a place, such as local festivals celebrating heritage.

cultural patterns

Related sets of traits and complexes that create similar behaviors across spaces.

culture hearth

Areas that serve as origins for dominant traits and characteristics.

ethnicity

A group of people sharing common characteristics, including ancestry and language.

nationality

This concept is based on the connection to a specific country.

centripetal forces

Forces that unify a group of people or region, such as a common language or heritage.

centrifugal forces

Factors that create division within groups or regions, potentially pulling them apart.

Sharia

An Islamic legal framework derived from religious texts.

blue laws

Regulations that limit activities on traditional holy days.

fundamentalism

The practice of adhering closely to the literal interpretation of religious texts.

theocracies

Nations governed by religious leaders using religious laws.

ethnocentrism

A belief in the superiority of one's own cultural group over others.

cultural relativism

Understanding beliefs and practices of one group from the perspective of another.

cultural appropriation

The act of adopting elements of one culture, often without acknowledgment, typically by a dominant culture.

diffusion

The spread of ideas, behaviors, and other cultural aspects from their origins to broader areas.

relocation diffusion

The spread of cultural traits via migration.

expansion diffusion

The spread of traits through exchange that does not involve migration.

contagious diffusion

Continuous outward spread of a trait through interaction among people.

hierarchical diffusion

The spread of cultural elements from influential or wealthier areas.

reverse hierarchical diffusion

Diffusion that occurs from lower status groups to higher status ones.

stimulus diffusion

When an underlying idea from a culture is modified or adapted by another culture.