Fingerprints analysis

Fingerprint Evidence

Analysis involves technology beyond visual inspection.

Biometrics

Improves identity establishment through fingerprint analysis.

Ancient Fingerprinting

Chinese used fingerprints in clay since 3rd century B.C.

Babylonian Fingerprints

Fingerprints pressed into clay tablets, 1792-1750 B.C.

Purkinje's Patterns

Described nine distinct fingerprint patterns in 1823.

Herschel's Observation

Noted fingerprints remain unchanged with age.

NGI System

Introduced facial recognition in fingerprint analysis, 2014.

Friction Ridges

Raised skin portions that leave marks on surfaces.

Fingerprint Formation

Begins in the 10th week of gestation.

Ridge Patterns

Formed in the basal layer of skin.

Patent Fingerprints

Visible prints left on surfaces.

Plastic Fingerprints

Indentations made in soft materials.

Latent Fingerprints

Invisible prints requiring enhancement to be seen.

Ridge Count

Number of ridges between core and delta.

Minutiae

Unique ridge characteristics used for identification.

Fingerprint Collection

Involves training and identifying various types.

Photographing Fingerprints

Utilizes alternative light sources for clarity.

Latent Collection Methods

Includes dusting and chemical enhancement techniques.

IAFIS

Automated fingerprint identification system established in 1999.

FBI's NGI

Next Generation Identification system launched in 2011.

Fingerprint Reliability

Subjectivity of examiners affects identification accuracy.

Dillinger's Alteration

Used acid to disguise fingerprints temporarily.

Molecular Fingerprint

New technology identifies trace DNA in fingerprints.

Automated Analysis

Modern fingerprint analysis is increasingly automated.

Mobile Scanners

Handheld devices for obtaining suspect fingerprints.

Chemical Analysis

New uses of fingerprints include chemical profiling.

Standardization in Trials

Language for fingerprint evidence needs uniformity.