Lecture 1: Introduction to Exercise Physiology

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on exercise physiology, emphasizing definitions, classifications, and the physiological aspects of bone health and growth.

What is exercise physiology?

The study of acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise.

Define acute response in the context of exercise physiology.

Acute responses are short-term physiological changes that occur during or immediately after exercise.

List three examples of acute responses to exercise.

Increased sweat rate, increased heart rate, increased oxygen intake.

What does chronic response in exercise physiology refer to?

Chronic responses are long-term physiological changes that occur with regular exercise.

Provide two examples of chronic adaptations to exercise.

Decreased resting heart rate, increased stroke volume.

What does anthropometry measure?

The measurement of the body in relation to size, proportions, and composition.

What is BMI and what does it indicate?

BMI stands for Body Mass Index and classifies the body's shape into specific weight categories.

What are the weight categories determined by BMI?

Underweight (<18.5 kg/m²), Normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m²), Overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m²), Obese (≥30.0 kg/m²).

What are the two main problems with BMI?

It does not provide details of body composition and does not distinguish between muscle and fat.

Define Peak Height Velocity (PHV).

PHV is the point in an individual's life when they are growing in height the fastest.

When do peak growth spurts typically occur for girls and boys?

Girls: Age 11; Boys: Age 13.

What is Peak Bone Mass?

The point during an individual's lifetime where they will have the highest amount of bone mass.

At what age can one expect to reach Peak Bone Mass?

Females: Age ~18; Males: Age ~22.

What are the two types of bone?

Cortical bone (80% of bone mass) and Trabecular bone (20% of bone mass).

How do long bones grow in length?

Growth occurs due to the epiphyseal growth plate, which is a layer of cartilage.

What defines osteoporosis?

A skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength and an increased risk of fractures.

What are common indications of osteoporosis?

Decreased height and a hunched appearance.

What is BMD and how is it measured?

BMD stands for bone mineral density and is measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA scan).

What bones are at increased risk of fractures due to osteoporosis?

Spine, wrist, and hip.

What role do osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes play in bone health?

Osteoblasts build bone, osteoclasts break down bone, and osteocytes facilitate communication regarding bone loading or unloading.