Drug analysis lecture midterm

Drug Misuse

Unintentional/inappropriate use of legal drugs (e.g., mixing drugs

drug abuse

Intentional misuse causing harm (physical, emotional, social).

Negitve Reinforcment

Drug use to relieve pain

risk factors

Low self-esteem, bordem, peer pressure, lack of parental supervision

protective factors

ties to religion,school, parents, neighborhood pride, positive relationship

addiction v.s. dependence

disease v.s. phisiological symptoms

types of influences

environmental, interpersonal/societal, individual

environmental influences

parents, community, genetics

interpersonal /societal influences

peers, school drug policy, laws

individual influences

personality traits, mental health, personal experiences

high risk groups

teens in low-opportunity, underrepresented areas

experimental use

infrequent from curiosity

social-rec use

drug use to share a social experience (parties, club)

circumstancial-situational use

short term use for immediate releif

intensified use

long-term/ steady use

which type of use do users keep place in society

intensified

which type of use is the most rare

compulsive

compulsive use

lifestyle revolves around drug use

which type of drug use is characterise dby 10 or less uses

experimental

what is the most common type of drug use

social-recreational

what age group has the highest drug usage

18-25 yrs

what is the invisible epidemic

drug use above 60yrs old

what are the toxicity types

Acute, Chronic, Behavioral, physical

Acute toxicity

harm from single use

Chronic toxicity

harm from repeted use

behavioral toxicity

interferes with daily functions

what was the first regulated drug

alcohol

what allowed the government into the drug market

Pure food and Drug Act

limited opiate use

Harrison act

what were some arguments AGAINST harrison act

large number of withdrawl
criminal activity will increase

marijuana tax act

forbade recrational use of marijuana
was repealed

t/f 46 states already had anti- marijuana laws before marijuana tax

true

what drug promted Food Drug and Cosmetic act

Elixr sulfan.

what act established FDA

Pure food and Drug Act

what act established OTC vs prescriptions

Humphrey-Durham Amendment

what was established from birth defects from Thalemide

kefaver

what agreement required manufactures to lis side effects

Kefaver

what introduced drug schedules

Comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act

who coined the term “war on drugs”

Nixon

arguments for legalization of weed

reduce cartel
reduce the need for jails
protection of individual right
allows for regulation

arguments against legalization

Legalization would increase the number of drug users
and addicts
legalization would reduce cost of drugs which would lead to more users

Neuron

nerve cell that sends messages between axon and dendrite

synapse

space between axon and dendrite

axon

send impulses

dendrite

recives impulses

messeges between neurons are chemical

true

messeges WITHIN neuron are electric

true

what is faster electric or chemical messages

electric

electrical imopulses origionate where

the dendrite

brain reigons

Cerebral cortex, Hypothlamus, limbic system

Reticular activating system

in brain stem
sleep wake cycle
filters out information

what is the cerebral cortex funtion

human distinction

Basal ganglial

located on both side of the brain below cerebral cortex
involuntary muscle control

federal analog act

if a drug is structurally similar to an illegal substance it is prohibited under the controlled substance act

substances that provide an athletic advantage

ergogenic aids

wgat amendment repealed prohibitin

21st

problem drinkers v.s. alcoholics

risky consumption with abilty to modify behavior v.s. desiese with withdraw simptoms

events leading to marijuana tax act

anti-mexican feelings
congrassman Anslinger viewed drug addicts as immoral people who deserved punishment
media sensationalization

acetylcholine (ach)

most common neurotransmitter
process memory and learning

serotonin

inhibitory neurotransmitter
regulates pain, sleep, eating

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

inhibits nerve cells

epinephrine

released during stress (adrenaline)
fight-or-flight

norepinephrine

increases motor activity

what is the hypothalmus function

homeostasis

limbic system

emotions

presynaptic drugs

drugs that release neurotransmitter

alcohol on brain

cerebrum —> affects inhibition
releses serotonin
cerebral cortex —> motor

postsynaptic drugs

drugs that impact the relese storage and synthesis of neurotransmitters

the most commin neurotransmitter

ACH

what neurotransmitter is linked to alzheimers

ACH

what neurotransmitter is for sensory/pain/sleep

serotonin

catecholamines

affects emotional state (dopamine, adrenialine)

amphetamines

masks fatuige by slowing down body temp

MDMA (ecstacy)

effects last 3-6
linked to depression

anabolic steroid

synthetic male growth hormone

Federal Analog act

bans drugs structurally simillar to illicit drugs

Human growth hormone

pituitary gland
used for legal deficiency, HIV/AIDs, short bowel