Health and Well-being

Blood transfusion

Truyền máu

Ex:After the surgery, the patient required a blood transfusion to replace lost blood.

Some patients need regular blood transfusions because their bodies can’t produce enough healthy red cells.

The hospital organized a blood donation drive to help patients in need of transfusions.

Gum/periodontal disease

Bệnh viêm nướu(viêm nhiễm mô mềm quanh răng, có thể dẫn đến rụng răng nếu không điều trị)

Eg:Gum disease often starts silently, with no pain, until it becomes severe.

The dentist warned that untreated gum disease could lead to tooth loss.

Regular flossing can help prevent gum disease

Haemorrhage/ˈhem.ər.ɪdʒ/(v)

chảy máu dữ dội, xuất huyết

Eg:She began to haemorrhage heavily after giving birth and needed an emergency operation

The patient suffered a brain haemorrhage after the accident and was rushed to the hospital

Muscle stiffness

Tình trạng cơ bị cứng, co lại, khó cử động linh hoạt.

Eg:Cold weather can cause muscle stiffness, especially in the morning

After sitting for hours, I felt some muscle stiffness in my back and neck.

Vigorous/Moderate exercise

vận động cường độ cao/tương đối

Eg:Even ten minutes of vigorous exercise a day can boost your mood and metabolism

Doctors warn that you should warm up properly before starting any vigorous exercise to avoid injuries.

Sedentary lifestyle/behavior/routine

Lối sống/Hành vi/Thói quen lười vận động

Eg:Children today spend more time indoors, leading to sedentary habits that affect their physical growth.

Many office workers suffer from back pain due to their sedentary behavior at work.

A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of heart disease and shorten life expectancy.

Life expectancy=longevity

Tuổi thọ

Eg:Women generally have a longer life expectancy than men, partly due to biological and lifestyle factors.

Life expectancy in Japan is among the highest in the world, thanks to healthy diets and good healthcare

Dental distress

nỗi đau hoặc rắc rối liên quan đến răng miệng

eg:Dreams of dental distress might then be considered a signal that one needs rest and nourishment.

He ignored his toothache for weeks, but when the pain hit at 2 a.m., the dental distress was real

After eating too many sweets, she found herself in dental distress and had to see a dentist immediately.

Teeth fall out

Rụng răng

Eg:At first, my kids were scared that their teeth would fall out, but now they see it as an important part of growing up and physical development.

Dreaming that your teeth fall out may mean you’re anxious about losing something important in your life

When I was six, one of my teeth fell out during lunch.

Keep your eyes closed

Nhắm mắt lại

Eg:Keep your eyes closed for a few seconds after waking up to remember your dreams.

She kept her eyes closed while listening to the relaxing music.

Do a push-up

chống đẩy

Eg:He does 20 push-ups every morning.

Pharmacy

Ngành dược học: lĩnh vực nghiên cứu, bào chế và cung cấp thuốc

Eg:Following in my family’s footsteps, I chose to study pharmacy — a field that allows me to combine science, compassion, and responsibility. I hope to contribute to the development of safe and effective medicines that improve people’s quality of life.

Cholera

Bệnh tả (một bệnh truyền nhiễm cấp tính do vi khuẩn Vibrio cholerae gây ra, thường do nước bị ô nhiễm).

Eg:Cholera outbreaks often occur in areas with poor sanitation.

Sanitation

vệ sinh công cộng/môi trường.

Eg:Many rural areas still lack proper sanitation facilities.

Access to clean water and sanitation is a basic human right.

Improving sanitation can prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

faece/ˈfiː.siːz/

Phân(Chất thải rắn được thải ra khỏi cơ thể người/động vật qua ruột)

Eg:Improper disposal of human faeces can lead to outbreaks of cholera and typhoid.

The river was contaminated with faeces from nearby farms.

Typhoid

Bệnh thương hàn

Eg:The doctor suspected typhoid after noticing the patient’s high fever and abdominal pain.

Vaccination can effectively prevent typhoid.

Abdominal pain

đau bụng (theo nghĩa y học, chỉ mọi loại đau trong vùng bụng, không chỉ dạ dày)><stomachache:đau dạ dày

Eg:The doctor examined her because she had severe abdominal pain.

I have a stomachache because I ate too much pizza.

Injectable vaccine

vắc xin tiêm><oral vaccine:vắc xin uống

Eg:An injectable vaccine was first developed in the late 19th century, and was superseded by oral vaccines in the 1980s

Severe/bad/terrible/mild morning sickness

ốm nghén nặng/nhẹ

Eg:My friend is experiencing severe morning sickness, so I usually help her cook and get ready for the baby

Cigarette smoke

Khói thuốc lá 🚬

Eg:Her clothes still smelled of cigarette smoke after the party

Many restaurants have banned smoking to protect customers from exposure to cigarette smoke

Carcinogen

chất gây ung thư

Eg:Processed meats like bacon and sausages are classified as Group 1 carcinogens by the WHO.

Research shows that cigarette smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, including over 69 carcinogens. These substances can inflame and mutate cells, leading to chronic diseases and cancer.

Inflame lung/tissue

Gây viêm phổi/mô

Eg:Smoke inflames the lungs and irritates the throat.

These foods can cause inflammation and weaken your immune system.

The doctor said my knee was inflamed because of overuse.

Chronic disease

Bệnh mãn tính/kinh niên><acute disease:bệnh cấp tính

Eg:Stress may worsen chronic conditions like high blood pressure.

Patients with chronic diseases require continuous care and medication.

Asthma

hen suyễn

Eg:Managing asthma requires long-term treatment and quick relief medication.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that causes acute attacks of breathlessness

Be associated with

Be linked to/connected/related to

Eg:About 25 diseases in Vietnam are associated with cigarette smoking, such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Bệnh mạch vành

Eg:Patients with coronary artery disease often experience chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart.

Regular physical activity and a balanced diet are key to preventing coronary artery disease.

Unhealthy diets high in saturated fat can lead to coronary artery disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mãn tính,gây khó thở do phổi bị tổn thương lâu dài

Eg:Regular exercise and healthy diet play a key role in COPD management.

People with COPD often struggle to climb stairs or walk long distances.

Senior/elderly care center

trung tâm chăm sóc người cao tuổi nói chung><Nursing home:viện dưỡng lão có chăm sóc y tế chuyên sâu

Eg:The city built a new senior care center where older adults can exercise, socialize, and get health check-ups

Her grandmother moved into a nursing home after her stroke.

Stroke

Đột quỵ(tình trạng não bị tổn thương do máu không được cung cấp đủ, thường vì mạch máu bị tắc nghẽn/vỡ)

Eg:He lost his ability to speak after the stroke.

Quick treatment after a stroke can greatly improve survival rates

Her father suffered a severe stroke last year but has been recovering steadily

Food poisoning

Ngộ độc thực phẩm

Eg:Severe food poisoning can lead to dehydration and require hospitalization

The outbreak was traced to contaminated seafood sold at the market

Seek medical attention

đi khám=Go to/see a doctor=Visit a clinic/hospital/health center

Eg:After feeling dizzy, he went to the doctor immediately

Anyone experiencing chest pain should seek medical attention immediately

Dizzy

Chóng mặt, quay cuồng=light-headed

Eg:I felt dizzy with excitement as I went up to collect the award.

Going without sleep for a long time makes me feel dizzy and light-headed

Test positive for [disease/pathogen]

Xét nghiệm dương tính với [bệnh/tác nhân gây bệnh]

Eg:He tested positive for COVID-19.

Blood culture

Xét nghiệm cấy máu (để phát hiện vi khuẩn trong máu)

Eg:Patients with severe food poisoning may need a blood culture to guide antibiotic treatment

The doctor ordered a blood culture to detect the source of infection.