A&P II - Chapter 19: Circulatory System (Heart) - Smartbook Questions

What is the study of the heart and its disorders called?

Cardiology

The muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through blood vessels is the ______.

Heart

The BLANK circuit carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium of the heart.

Pulmonary

As the heart sits in the thoracic cavity, the superior tip end called the ______.

Base

The outer wall of the pericardium is a sac called the ______.

fibrous pericardium

Cardiology involves the study of the ______ and its disorders.

Heart

Which are layers of the heart wall?

Epicardium

Endocardium

Myocardium

True or false: The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels.

True

Which type of epithelium makes up part of the endocardium?

Simple squamous

Which circuit carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium of the heart?

Pulmonary

The structure indicated by the letter A in the figure is the BLANK pericardium

Fibrous Pericardium

Place in order the three layers of the heart wall, listing the deepest layer first. (Deepest to surface layer)

1. Endocardium

2. Myocardium

3. Epicardium

Which layer lines the inner chambers of the heart?

endocardium

What is the outermost layer of the heart wall called?

Epicardium

Which blood vessel is indicated by the letter A in the figure?

Superior Vena Cava

The broad superior part of the heart is the BLANK of the heart.

Base

Which blood vessel is indicated by the letter A in the figure?

Inferior vena cava

The indicated vessel is a segment of the aorta known as the BLANK arch

Aortic Arch

Another name for the epicardium is the BLANK layer of the serous pericardium.

Visceral

Which is a blood vessel attached to the right atrium?

Superior Vena Cava

As the heart sits in the thoracic cavity, the superior tip end called the ______.

Base

The epicardium is also called what?

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Which blood vessel is a branch off the pulmonary trunk?

Pulmonary artery

The blood vessel that carries blood away from the left ventricle is the ______.

Aorta

an ear-like extension of the heart chamber

auricle

Pectinate muscles

internal ridges of myocardium in right atrium and both auricles

interventricular septum

partition between the right and left ventricles

right atrium

receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.

The blood vessel that carries blood away from the left ventricle is the ______.

Aorta

pulmonary artery

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

Right Ventricle

pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs

Pulmonary arteries are branches of the ______.

pulmonary trunk

left pulmonary veins

bring oxygen-rich blood from the left lung to the left atrium

right pulmonary veins

Brings oxygen-rich blood from the right lung to the left atrium

left pulmonary artery

carries poor oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left lung.

right pulmonary artery

takes oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle to the right lung

The pulmonary trunk carries blood away from the ______.

right ventricle

The BLANK are the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and to the body.

right and left ventricles

right atrioventricular valve

tricuspid valve; blood leaving the right atrium flows into right ventricle through this valve

The right atrioventricular valve has ______ cusps.

Three cusps

The _______ valves regulate the openings between the atria and the ventricles.

atrioventricular or AV

The thick-walled inferior chambers of the heart that pump blood into the arteries are called ______.

Ventricles

The left atrioventricular valve is also called the _______ valve.

Mitral or Bicuspid

Which valve is found between the right atrium and ventricle?

The Tricuspid Valve

Which best represents the correct flow of blood through the heart, immediately after it returns from the venous circulation?

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

semilunar valves

regulate the flow of blood from the ventricles into the great arteries of the heart.

The blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen only to the heart muscle make up the specific type of circulation called the ________ circulation.

coronary

The left atrioventricular valve has ______ cusps.

Two cusps

Starting with blood in the superior and inferior vena cavae, place the chambers of the heart in order through which the blood would then flow.

1. Right Atrium

2. Right ventricle

3. Left Atrium

4. Left Ventricle

True or false: The coronary blood vessels are part of the the systemic circulation.

True

The mitral valve is also known as what?

left AV valve

Posterior interventricular vein

Vein that lies in the posterior interventricular sulcus

coronary arteries

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

Which valves are attached to papillary muscles?

The atrioventricular valves (AV valves)

Which artery travels under the left auricle and then divides into two branches?

Left Coronary artery

Which arterial branch of the left coronary artery travels down to the apex of the heart?

Anterior interventricular

anterior interventricular artery

branch of the left coronary artery that continues around to the back of the heart in the coronary sulcus.

The left and right coronary arteries arise from which blood vessel?

Aorta

The arterial branch that usually arises from the right coronary artery and supplies the back wall of the heart, both left and right ventricle, is the ________ __________ branch

Posterior Interventricular

The right and left coronary arteries arise from the ascending ________

Aorta

Which artery travels under the left auricle and then divides into two branches?

Left coronary artery

Which branch of the left coronary artery continues around to the posterior of the heart leading to the coronary sulcus?

Circumflex

When two arteries or veins join, this is referred to as a(n) ___________ .

anastomosis

When does blood flow through the coronary circulation increase?

Ventricular diastole

Which artery is a branch of the right coronary artery and supplies the back walls of the ventricles?

Posterior interventricular artery

The left and right coronary arteries arise from which blood vessel?

Aorta

Which vein collects venous drainage from the anterior side of the heart and travels alongside the anterior interventricular artery?

Great cardiac vein

What is a convergence of two arteries called?

Arterial anastomosis

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood flow through the coronary circulation?

Ventricular relaxation

What is the ability to rhythmically depolarize without outside stimulation called?

Autorhythmic

Cardiomyocytes are jointed end to end by thick connections called ______.

intercalated discs

What is the benefit of having collateral circulation?

To provide alternative routes of blood flow

When does blood flow through the coronary circulation increase?

Ventricular diastole

Cardiac muscle requires oxygen and therefore relies on ___________ respiration to produce ATP.

Aerobic

The vertebrate heartbeat is said to be ______ because the signal originates within the heart muscle itself.

myogenic

Which vein collects venous drainage from the anterior side of the heart and travels alongside the anterior interventricular artery?

Great cardiac vein

What are the short, thick, branched contractile cells of the heart called?

Cardiomyocytes

Cardiac muscle relies on which process to produce ATP?

Aerobic respiration

The heartbeat is coordinated by the cardiac ___________ system.

conduction

What is the ability to rhythmically depolarize without outside stimulation called?

Autorhythmic

The term ___________ refers to relaxation of the heart.

Diastole

_____________ are short, thick, branched muscle cells of the heart.

Cardiomyocytes

What is the normal heartbeat set by the SA node called?

Sinus rhythm

Nodal rhythm

set by AV node, 40 to 50 bpm (if SA node is damaged)

A spontaneously developing local potential that generates action potentials in the SA node is called what?

Pacemaker potential

Which structures are considered to be part of the cardiac conduction system?

SA node

AV node

Purkinje fibers

Cardiocytes are described as ____________ because individual cells can depolarize on their own without outside stimulation.

Autorhythmic

cardiomyocytes

depolarize quickly but take much longer to repolarize

Muscles cells of the heart, relatively long, branched cells, forms networks throughout each pair of the heart chambers, one network is the artia and the other is the ventricles

Which term refers to relaxation of the heart?

Diastole

Systole

Contraction of the heart

When a normal heart rate is established by the SA node, a _________ rhythm results.

Sinus

The pacemaker potential of SA node cells is due to the influx of which ions?

Sodium

Impulse conduction through the cardiac conduction system is slowest through the _____________ node, allowing a pause between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction.

AV (atrioventricular) node

The heartbeat is coordinated by the cardiac ____________ system.

conduction

What is the ability to rhythmically depolarize without outside stimulation called?

Autorhythmic

Myogenic

heartbeat originates within heart itself

Autorhythmic

The heart is described as such because the heart doesn't depend on the nervous system for its rhythm, it has its own built-in pacemaker and electrical system

Depolarization of a cardiocyte is due to the opening of __________ channels.

sodium

When the AV node acts as pacemaker, the slower heartbeat has what type of rhythm?

Nodal

Which is a recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials in the heart?

ECG (electrocardiogram)