Vocab quiz Ch.17-20

Asepsis

Freedom from infection

Bacteria

Prokaryotic, ubiquitous, single-celled organism

Blood-borne pathogens

disease causing microorganisms that may be present in human blood

chemotherapy

treatment of disease by chemical agents

cyst

stage in the life cycle of certain parasites during which they are enclosed in a protective wall

Dimorphic

occurring in two distinct forms

Disease

deviations from or interruptions of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system of the body that are exhibited by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs and whose cause, pathologic mechanisms, and prognosis may be known or unknown

Disinfectants

Chemicals used to free an environment from pathogenic organisms or to render such organisms inert, especially as applied to the treatment of inanimate materials to reduce or eliminate infectious organisms

Eukaryotes

organisms whose cells have a true nucleus

Flora

microbial community found on or in a healthy person

Fomite

An object such as a book, wooden object, or article of clothing that is not in itself harmful but is able to harbor pathogenic microorganisms and thus may serve as an agent of transformation of an infection

Fungi

General term used to denote a group of eukaryotic protists-including mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, molds, and smuts, that are characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and by the presence of a rigid cell wall

Healthcare-Associated Infection

infection that patients acquire while they are receiving treatment for another healthcare issue

Host

an animal or plant that harbors or nourishes another organism

Iatrogenic

resulting from the activities of physicians

Immunity

security against a particular disease

Infection

invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues that may be clinically inapparent or may result in local cellular injury as a result of competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response

Medical Asepsis

Reduction in numbers of infectious agents, which decrease the probability of infection but does not necessarily reduce it to zero

Microorganisms

microscopic organisms- those of medical interests including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and Protozoa

Nosocomial

pertaining to or originating in the hospital; said of an infection not present or incubating before admittance to the hospital but generally developing 72 hours after admittance

Pathogens

Disease producing microorganisms

Prokaryotes

cellular organisms that lack a true nucleus

Protozoa

a subkingdom comprising the simplest organisms of the animal kingdom, consisting of unicellular organisms ranging in size from submicroscopic to macroscopic; most being free-living but some having common, mutual, or parasitic existences

Reservoir

alternative or passive host that harbors pathogenic organisms, without injury to itself, and serves as a source from which other individuals can be infected

Standard precautions

precautions to prevent the transmission of disease by body fluids and substances

Sterilizations

complete destruction or elimination of all living microorganisms accomplished by physical methods (dry or moist heat), chemical agents (ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, alcohol), radiation (ultraviolet, cathode), or mechanical methods (filtration)

surgical asepsis

procedure used to prevent contamination by microbes and endospores before during or after surgery using sterile techniques

Vaccine

suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms, administered for the prevention, improvement, or treatment of infectious disease

Vector

A carrier especially an animal, that transfers an infective agent from one host to another

Virion

complete viral particle found extracellularly and capable of surviving in crystalline form and infecting a living cell; comprises the nucleoid (genetic material) and the capsid ; also called a viral particle

viruses

any group of minute infectious agents not resolved in the light microscope, with certain exceptions (e.g. poxvirus), and characterized by a lack of independent metabolism as well as the ability to replicate only within living host cells

Angiography

radiologic procedure used to visualize blood vessels after the introduction of contrast material, used as a diagnostic aid in conditions such as cerebrovascular attacks (strokes) myocardial infractions

Arrhythmia

any change from the normal sequence of electrical impulses of the heart such as bradycardia, tachycardia, arterial/ventricular fibrillation, or rhythm disorders

Arthrography

examination of a joint using x-rays after the injection of opaque contrast material

Aseptic

describes a product or method that is free of microbiological organisms

Atelectasis

medical condition in which the lungs are not fully inflated

Auscultation

technical term for listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope; based on the latin verb auscultare (to listen) performed for the purpose of examining the circulatory system and respiratory system (heart and breath sounds) as well as the gastrointestinal system ( bowel sounds)

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

benign prostatic hypertrophy is a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, commonly found in the men over the age of 50

C-arm

X-ray image intensifier, sometimes referred to as a fluoroscope in medical settings; a highly complex piece of equipment that uses x-rays and produces a real time imaging that is displayed on a monitor

Central Venous Pressure (CVP)

pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava; near the right atrium of the heart; reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system

Contaminated

presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface

Foley Catheter

indwelling catheter retained in the bladder by a ballon inflated with air or fluid

Isolette

used as an incubator for premature infants; provides controlled temperature and humidity and an oxygen supply

Lithotomy position

common positions for surgical procedures and medical examinations involving the pelvis and lower abdomen; patient is in the dorsal decubitus position with the hips and knees flexed and the thighs abducted and externally rotated; also called dorsosacral positions

Manual Resuscitator

(proprietary name Ambu bag) is a hand held device commonly used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately

Microorganisms

microscopic organisms; those of medical interest include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa

Myelography

x-ray examination of the spinal canal; a contrast agent is injected through a needle into the space around the spinal cord to display the spinal cord, spinal canal, and nerve roots on an x-ray; purpose of a myelogram is to evaluate the spinal cord and/or nerve roots for suspected compression

Pneumothorax

accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathologic process or which may be introduced deliberately

Purulent

consisting of or containing pus. the term purulent is often used with regard to drainage

serous

resembling serum, having a thin watery constitution; various bodily fluids that are typically pale yellow and transparent and of a benign nature that fill the inside of body cavites

sterile

aseptic; free of living microorganisms

Subungual

beneath a fingernail or toenail

Swan- Ganz Catheter

The flow-directed ballon- tipped pulmonary artery catheter ( also known as swan-ganz or right heart catheter) has been in clinical use for more than 40 years. Initially developed for the management of acute myocardial infarction, the swanz-ganz catheter provides right heart diagnostic information to rapidly determine hemodynamic pressures, cardiac output, and mixed venous blood sampling

Tracheostomy

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck; also used to refer to the creation of an opening in the anterior trachea for insertion of a tube to reliv