Ento: Insect Morphology (ch2)

“ad”

suffix meaning toward

proximal

nearer to the center

distal

farther(distant from) the center

What is the purpose of Antenna

Sensory appendage, detecting information

What are the types of Antennae

Filiform, Setaceous, Plumose, Moniliform, Serrate, Pectinate, Aristate, Geniculate(elbowed), Stylate, Capitate, Clavate, Lamellate

Filiform Antennae

Slender, thread like antennae used for detecting stimuli

Setaceous Antennae

named after the Latin term “seta” meaning bristle used to detect stimuli such as odors, air currents, and movement

Plumose Antennae

Feathery/branched structure used for detecting airborne chemicals

Moniliform Antennae

resembles a string of beads, primarily used for detecting odors and tastes

Serrate Antennae

Saw-like appearance, primarily used for enhanced sensory perception and tactile sensation

Pectinate Antennae

Comb-like with numerous branches to increase surface area, used to detect airborne chemicals and pheromones from potential mates

Aristate Antennae

Bristle-like structure, used for detecting vibrations and air movements

Geniculate Antennae

Characterized by its elbow like bend, primarily functioning as a sensory organ to find food, communicate and navigate

Stylate Antennae

Sensory appendage with bristle like structure at tip, used for detecting stimuli like chemical signals, humidity, and air movement

What does the prefix “gnatho” mean

Jaw

Hypognathous

mouth parts are directed downwards, used to feed on surfaces below insect

Prognathous

mouthparts are directed forward for predation and burrowing

Opisthognathous

mouthparts directed back and downward, used for feeding of liquids and soft foods

What is A

Mandibles

What is B

Ocelli

What is C

Maxilla with maxillary palp

What is D

Labrum

What is E

Labium with labial palps

Palpate

examine by touch

Piercing-sucking mouth parts

specialized structures adapted for feeding on liquids, primarily by penetrating tissues and extracting fluids, found in insects like mosquitoes, aphids, and true bugs, consist of slender, needle-like stylets enclosed within a sheath or proboscis

Sponging Mouth parts

specialized for feeding on liquids; the labium is modified into a sponge-like structure called the labellum, which is used to soak up liquids, this structure contains pseudotrachea, which are minute food channels that help draw liquid food into the insect's digestive system

siphoning mouthparts

adapted for feeding on liquids, particularly nectar, characterized by a long, tube-like structure called a proboscis, which functions like a straw to suck up fluids

Chewing-lapping mouthparts

combine chewing and lapping mechanisms, allowing them to consume both solid and liquid food

What are the different kings of sucking mouthparts found in insects

Piercing-sucking, Sponging, Siphoning, Chewing-Lapping

What is A

metathorax

What is B

Mesothorax

What is C

Prothorax

What are the sections of the thorax from anterior to posterior

Prothorax, Mesothorax, Metathorax

What does the suffix “-mere”

part or segment

Pretarsus

The distal segment of the leg in many insects, often including a pair of claws

Arolium

cushion-like adhesive pads found on the ends of tarsus on legs in insects like flies and bees

Pulvillus

cushion-like adhesive pad found on the feet between the claws, on either side of the arolium of many insects —(add photo)

Empodium

a small, often bristle-like, structure found between the claws on an insect's tarsus —(add photo)

What are the different types of legs found in Insects

Fossorial, Cursorial, Saltatorial, Raptorial, Natatorial

What are Fossorial type legs used for?

digging and burrowing

What are Cursorial type legs used for?

Running, locomotion

What are Saltatorial type legs used for?

Jumping

What are Raptorial type legs used for?

Capturing and holding prey

What are Natatorial type legs used for?

Swimming

What are the types of wings?

Membranous, Tegmina, Elytra, Hemelytra

Membranous Wings

Thin, flexible, and often translucent with veins for nutrient transport and gas exchange. Most efficient type, most winged insects will have at least one pair(hindpair)

Tegmina Wings

Leathery, parchment-like, durable but flexible. serve as primarily as protection for hindwings and steering during flight. In some insects its modified for sound production

Elytra wings

Not used for flight, Hardened, protective forewings

Hemelytra wings

Partially hardened/leathery with membranous tip, found in true bugs

Which is female and which is male

A is Female and B is Male

What is A

Tergum

What is B

Sternum

What is C

Pleural Membrane

Pleural Membrane

Membranous joint between Tergum and Sternum, that allows abdomen to stretch for feeding and space for unborn young

Ovipositor

a specialized organ in many female insects, and some other animals, that is used for laying eggs

Cercus

a small appendage at the end of the abdomen of some insects and other arthropods used to detect air currents and vibrations, which helps insects sense danger and escape predators

Capitate Antennae

knob/club at tip, sensory organ with a strong emphasis on smell

Clavate Antennae

Club like swelling at tip, sensory organ used to detect stimuli like smells, humidity, and vibrations

Lamellate Antennae

Consists of flattened, plate-like segments used for enhanced chemoreception