Diabetes Mellitus and Risk Factors Review

These flashcards cover key concepts, risk factors, and findings related to diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes, enhancing review and understanding for upcoming exams.

What are non-modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2DM)?

Age, family history of diabetes, and genetics.

What are modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2DM)?

Overweight, physical inactivity, diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption.

How does high blood pressure relate to type 2 diabetes risk?

High blood pressure is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.

What does BMI stand for and why is it significant for T2DM risk?

BMI stands for Body Mass Index; it categorizes weight which is linked to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

How does physical activity impact the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

Increased physical activity decreases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

What is the relative risk of T2DM for individuals with a BMI >35 kg/m² according to the NHS, 2001?

The relative risk is significantly higher compared to individuals with a BMI <23 kg/m².

According to Hu et al. (NEJM 2001), what dietary factor has convincing evidence for decreasing T2DM risk?

Weight loss and physical activity.

What evidence is there regarding red and processed meat consumption and T2DM?

There is probable evidence that high consumption of red and processed meat may increase the risk of T2DM.

Which foods are linked to a decreased risk of developing T2DM according to possible evidence?

N-3 PUFA, low glycemic index foods, coffee, tea, polyphenols, olive oil, nuts, and breastfeeding.

What is meant by population attributable risk (PAR) of 91% in relation to diabetes?

It suggests that 91% of diabetes cases in that group can be attributed to the specified modifiable risk factors.