Oral Communication

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Communication

Two-Way process where information is exchanged among individuals

Verbal Communication

• Most common form of human interaction
  -Oral/Spoken Language
  -Written Language

Non-Verbal Communication

• Expression of messages through physical means
  -Visual signs
  -Symbols

Facial Expression

• Responsible for a large proportion of Non-Verbal Communication

• Notice it first hand

Gestures

• Waving, nodding and figures

Paralinguistics

• Refers to the tone, pitch, noise and inflection

Body Language and Posture

• Conveys a great deal of information

Proxemics (Personal Space)

• Space that people feel is necessary

Eye Gaze

• How we look, stare etc.

Haptics (Touch)

• Important when it comes to infancy and intimacy

Appearance

• Choice of clothing, style and other factors like occupation

Artifacts

• Artifacts that give meaning to the conversation

Classification of sign language

It is a verbal way to communicate

Impromptu Speech

• The speaker is given no time to prepare and has to come up their own

Extemporaneous Speech

• Short preparation time

• Not exactly the topic is discussed

Memorized Speech

• Pre-written speech

• Preparation

Manuscript Speech

• A speech wherein a paper is given 

Communication Barriers

• Anything preventing us from effective and concise communication

We need to learn communication barriers simply because we have to avoid—

• Missed Opportuntiy

• Miscommunication

• Misconduct

Language Barrier

• wherein People who speak different dialects and different words can’t communicate efficiently

Semantic Barrier

• A barrier that indicates different meanings of any word in a particular language (Vocabulary)

Syntactic Barrier

• Errors in sentence making (grammar and speech)

Emotional/Psychological Barrier

• It prevents people from expressing emotions

• Fear, Mistrust, drama and Trauma

Physiological Barrier

• Any ailment that prevents effective communication

• AIDS, Cold, Sore throat

Physical Barrier

• Any Physical hindrance that prevents effective communication

• Noise, physical uses of comms like radio, phones,

Cultural Barriers

• A barrier that prevents people from different parts of the world to communicate

Kin

• Family concerns

• Forms the basis of organization

Sexuality

• Varies between gender and sex

Gender

• Deals with assigned physical sexes

Religion

• Deals with beliefs

• Practices

Cultural Taboos

• Forbidden actions within the culture of one

Dress Codes

• Different countries with certain modes of wearing clothes and manner of clothing

Etiquette and Eating Habits

Interpersonal Communication

• Usually verbal communication
  -Dyad (Two people taking turns)
  -Group (More than two)

Context

• Factors affecting communication

Mass Communication

• Exchange of communication through different big ways, (media, newspapers and books*)

Difference between Group and Public Speaking

Group	Public
6-7 people	1000+ People
Exchange of Ideas	Inform or persuade
Interactive	One-Way

Intrapersonal Communication

• Alone

• Self-Communication (In mind)

• Internal Discourse

Johari Window

• Psychological framework developed by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham

Psychological Context

• Needs, personality, values and habits

Relation Context

• How close in relation is the speaker is to the listener

Situational Context

• Psychosocial “Where”?

• Do we act in a playground the same we act in a crime scene?

Environmental Context

• Physical places
  -Arrangement
  -Location
  -Noise
  -Level

Cultural Context

• Learned behaviors and rules that affect the interaction

• Usually in people of other cultures (Don’t stare at someone for too long, smiling at other places)

Public Communication

• Used for
  1.Preaching
  2.Getting elected
  3.Promoting social causes and movies