Info Systems : Chapter 13

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Technologies simulating human thought behavior, including thinking, speaking, feeling, and reasoning.

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

Networks capable of learning and performing tasks difficult for conventional computers, like playing chess and recognizing patterns.

Data-Mining Agents

Agents working with data warehouses to detect trends and discover new information and relationships among data items.

Expert Systems

Systems mimicking human expertise in a specific field to solve problems within a well-defined area.

Fuzzy Logic

Dealing with variations in linguistic terms by using a degree of membership for smooth transitions between human and computer vocabularies.

Intelligent Agents

Software capable of reasoning and following rule-based processes, increasingly popular in e-commerce.

Knowledge Base Management System (KBMS)

Used to keep knowledge bases updated with changes to facts, figures, and rules, similar to a DBMS.

Machine Learning

Process where computers learn without explicit programming, gaining knowledge through experience.

Monitoring and Surveillance Agents

Agents tracking and reporting on computer equipment and network systems to predict system crashes or failures.

Personal Agents

Perform specific tasks for users, like remembering information for filling out web forms or completing email addresses.

Robots

Successful AI applications performing well at simple, repetitive tasks to free workers from tedious or hazardous jobs.

Shopping and Information Agents

Assist users in navigating vast web resources, providing better results in finding information.

Backward Chaining

Expert system technique starting with the goal and backtracking to find the right solution.

Case-Based Reasoning (CBR)

Problem-solving technique matching new cases with previously solved cases and solutions stored in a database.

Contextual Computing

Computing environment always present, offering recommendations based on surroundings and user context.

Explanation Facility

Task similar to human experts, explaining to end users how recommendations are derived.

Forward Chaining

Series of "if-then-else" conditions performed in expert systems.

Genetic Algorithms (GAs)

Search algorithms mimicking natural evolution to generate solutions for optimization and search problems.

Inference Engine

Component manipulating a series of rules using techniques like forward and backward chaining.

Knowledge Acquisition Facility

Software for acquiring and incorporating new rules and facts into expert systems for growth.

Knowledge Base

Similar to a database, storing facts, figures, rules, and explanations associated with facts.

Natural-Language Processing (NLP)

Allows users to communicate with computers in human language, performing interfacing and knowledge acquisition activities.

Soft Robotics

Subfield constructing robots from highly compliant materials like elastomers.