TOPIC 2 - FORCES AND MOTION
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28 Terms
Speed
Distance per unit time
Velocity
Speed with direction
Acceleration
Rate of change of speed (m/s²)
Deceleration
Slowing down - force acts opposite to direction of motion
Gradient
Slope of a graph (rise divided by run)
Force
A push, pull or twist measured in Newtons
Mass
Amount of matter in an object - stays constant (kg)
Weight
Gravitational force on an object - varies with gravity (N)
Gravitational field strength
Force of gravity per kilogram - 10 N/kg on Earth
Inertia
Resistance to change in motion
Thrust
A forward driving force
Drag
Force opposing motion through a fluid
Friction
Contact force opposing motion between surfaces
Air resistance
Drag force caused by air opposing motion
Contact force
A force requiring physical contact
Non-contact force
A force that acts at a distance
Resultant force
The single combined effect of all forces on an object
Balanced forces
Equal and opposite forces - no change in motion
Unbalanced forces
Net force exists - causes acceleration or deceleration
Newton's 1st Law
An object stays at rest or constant speed unless a resultant force acts on it
Newton's 2nd Law
F = ma
Newton's 3rd Law
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction force
Ticker timer
Records motion as dots on tape at 50 Hz
Energy
The ability to do work, measured in Joules
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred
Work
Force multiplied by distance moved (Joules)
Power
Rate of doing work, measured in Watts
Watt
1 Joule per second