Unit 11: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
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50 Terms
Psychological Disorder
A condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that cause distress or impairment.
Comorbidity
The presence of two or more disorders in the same individual.
Epigenetics
The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.
Diathesis-Stress Model
A psychological theory that explains behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together with stress from life experiences.
DSM-5-TR
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision; a comprehensive guide for diagnosing mental disorders.
ICD-11
The International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision; a global health information standard for morbidity and mortality statistics.
Rosenhan Study
An experiment that demonstrated the difficulty of distinguishing between sanity and insanity in psychiatric hospitals.
Anxiety Disorder
A mental health disorder characterized by feelings of anxiety, worry, or fear that are strong enough to interfere with daily activities.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about various aspects of everyday life.
Panic Disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by recurrent panic attacks unexpected in nature.
Agoraphobia
An anxiety disorder involving intense fear and avoidance of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable.
Ataque de Nervios
A culturally bound syndrome that involves emotional distress marked by a loss of control, often seen in Latinos.
Specific Phobia
An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
Acrophobia
An extreme or irrational fear of heights.
Arachnophobia
An intense fear of spiders.
Social Anxiety Disorder
A condition characterized by intense fear of social situations and being scrutinized by others.
Taijin Kyofusho
A Japanese term for a form of social anxiety disorder characterized by fear of offending others.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A disorder characterized by unwanted and intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
Obsessions vs. Compulsions
Obsessions are intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety; compulsions are behaviors performed to reduce that anxiety.
Trauma or Stressor-Related Disorders
Conditions that occur following exposure to a traumatic or stressful event, including PTSD.
Dissociative Amnesia
A disorder characterized by an inability to recall important autobiographical information.
Fugue
A dissociative disorder involving sudden, unexpected travel away from home and an inability to recall one's past.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
A condition wherein a person has two or more distinct identities or personality states.
Mood/Affective Disorders
Mental health disorders characterized by significant disruptions in mood.
Major Depressive Episode
A period of at least two weeks where a person experiences a depressed mood or loss of interest.
Bipolar I Disorder
A mental health disorder characterized by at least one manic episode.
Bipolar II Disorder
A mental health disorder characterized by one or more major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode.
Depressive Cycle
The patterns of recurrence in depressive disorders over time.
Rumination
The act of continuously thinking about the same thoughts, often negatively.
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
A range of mental health conditions that affect how a person thinks, feels, and behaves.
Positive Symptoms
Symptoms of schizophrenia that reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions, such as hallucinations.
Negative Symptoms
Symptoms characterized by a decrease or loss of normal functions, like lack of motivation or withdrawal.
Chronic Schizophrenia
A long-term form of schizophrenia that is often resistant to treatment.
Acute Schizophrenia
A sudden onset of schizophrenia symptoms that can occur in episodes.
Eating Disorders
Mental health disorders characterized by abnormal eating behaviors.
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.
Personality Disorders
A group of mental health disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
A disorder marked by a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships and a tendency toward a solitary lifestyle.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by eccentric behavior, odd beliefs, and social anxiety.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
A disorder marked by an inflated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy.
Borderline Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by a disregard for the rights of others and social norms.
Dependent Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive behavior.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by a preoccupation with orderliness and perfectionism.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy.
ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a condition marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A developmental disorder that affects communication, behavior, and social interaction.