Quiz 4 Study

What time period is toddlerhood

1-3 years

What is the definition of a phonetic inventory?

a list of speech sounds a child can say regardless of whether or not they say the word correctly

give an example of each of the following processes:

final consonant deletion

stopping

fronting

assimilation

cluster reduction

final consonant deletion: cat → ca

stopping: think → tink

fronting: green → dreen

assimilation: fish → shish

cluster reduction: star → tar

What are characteristics of a protoword

has clear purpose

has clear intention

is used consistently

extends beyond original context

What is NOT a characteristic of a protoword

approximates adult-like pronunciations

overextension

the process by which children use words in an overly general manner.

calling all four legged animals “dog”

under-extension

toddlers use words to refer to only a subset of possible referents, is called underextension. When a toddler girl uses the word book only when referring to the hardcover books in her collection (and not to her parents’ paperback books), or when she uses the word bottle to refer only to her baby bottle (and not to glass bottles or plastic water bottles), she is engaging in underextension.

calling only labradors “dog”

overlap

When toddlers overextend a word in certain circumstances and underextend the same word in other circumstances, this process is called overlap. For example, when a toddler boy uses the word candy to refer to jelly beans and his grandmother’s pills (overextension) but not to chocolate bars (underextension), he is engaging in overlap.

what is it called when children develop words at a rapid rate around 18 months

word spurt

which of the following is a morpheme developed in toddler years

preposition “in”

irregular third person

article “a” and “an”

irregular past tense

preposition “in”

which are early-developing morphemes

-ing

possessive and plural ‘s

prepositions “in” and “on”

4 reasons play is important

• develops problem solving

• develops theory of mind

• decontextualized language

• social skills

• narrative skills

Westby play scale

What are the different types of gestures

• contact gestures

• conventional

  • referential gestures

• distal pointing

  • deictic gestures

know stages of morpheme development

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

(solid stage II, emerging stage III)