Lecture on Bryophytes and Pterophytes

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to bryophytes and pterophytes, including their reproductive structures and life cycles.

Bryophytes

The earliest diverging groups of plants, including liverworts, mosses, and hornworts, that typically grow in wet environments.

Liverworts

Bryophytes belonging to the division Marchantiophyta; characterized by flat, many-celled thalli.

Gametophyte

The dominant, haploid generation in bryophytes, which is responsible for gamete production.

Sporophyte

The diploid generation in the plant life cycle, which is dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition.

Antheridiophore

The male reproductive structure in liverworts that produces sperm within antheridia.

Archegoniophore

The female reproductive structure in liverworts that contains archegonia, each holding a single egg.

Calyptra

The enlarged archegonium that surrounds the diploid sporophyte in bryophytes.

Sorus

A cluster of sporangia found on the undersides of fern leaves.

Rhizome

A horizontal stem in ferns from which true roots extend.

Xylem

Vascular tissue that transports water from roots to other parts of the plant.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports nutrients made in the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Gemmae

Asexual propagules found in gemmae cups in liverworts that can grow into new gametophytes.

Sporangium

A structure in which meiosis occurs to produce haploid spores.

Prothallus

The small, heart-shaped gametophyte of ferns that is photosynthetic.

Annulus

A thick-walled ring of cells in a sporangium that aids in spore dispersal.