CIM Training

Superior /Inferior

Superior: Above Inferior: below

Distal / Proximal

Distal: Away from center or the point of origin Proximal: toward the center

Medial / Lateral

Medial: Inward (toward midline) Lateral: outward

Anterior / Posterior

Ant: Toward front Post: toward back

Dorsal / ventral

Dorsal: Pertaining to back and upper side of an appendage Ventral: pertaining to front

Plantar

Sole of the foot

Palmar

Palm of the hand

Prone

Lying face down

Supine

Lying on the back

Fowlers

Inclined position obtained by raising head of the bed 60 to 90 cm

Trendelenburg

Placed in supine positio and legs are elevated

Palpation

Uses hands to examine the patient

Percussion

Tapping over different areas of the body

Auscultation

Listening with a stethoscope to the heart, lungs, abdomen, and blood vessels

Anasarca

Generalized body edema

Cachexia

Physical wasting with loss of weight and muscle mass

Lethargy

Decreased level of consciousness marked by abnormal drowsiness, sluggishness and/or apathy

Somnolent

Sleepy, drowsy

Malaise

Generalized feeling of discomfort, illness, lack of wellbeing

Obtunded

Mentally dulled, somewhat confused, and slow to respond

Abrasion

Wearing away of the upper layer of skin due to friction

Avulsion

Tearing away (ex. flap of skin)

Contusion

Bruise

Laceration

Cut/tear of the skin

Pruritus

Itching

Different pulses

Apical: heart Carotid: neck Femoral: inguinal area

Upper extremity pulses

Brachial: upper arm near bicep Radial: lateral aspect of wrist Ulnar: medial aspect of wrist

Lower extremity pulses

Popliteal: behind the knee Posterior tibial: posterior border of medical malleolus Dorsalis pedis: top of foot

Shorthand for a woman's obstetric history

Gravida (G)/Para (P)/Abortion (A) Gravida - total number of pregnancies Para - number of viable births Abortion - unsuccessful pregnancies

Cartilage

Flexible material in joints that prevent bones from rubbing against one another

Tendon

Flexible but inelastic cord that connects muscle to bone

Clavicle

Collarbone (shoulder to sternum)

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Humerus

Upper arm bone

Radius

Lateral forearm bone

Ulna

Medial forearm bone

Carpals

Wrist bones

Metacarpals

Hand bones

Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)

Points of attachment of the fingers

Phalanges

Finger bones

Interphalangeal joints (IP)

joints in the fingers

Cervical (C-spine)

7 neck vertebrae

Thoracic (T-spine)

12 thorax vertebrae (ribs are attached)

Lumbar (L-spine)

5 lower back vertebrae

LS Spine

Area including lumbar and sacral portions of the spine

Sacrum

Fused vertebrae between hipbones Coccyx is the small triangular bone formed of fused vertebrae at base of the spine

Sternum

Breastbone

Xyphoid Process

Lowest portion of the sternum

Ribs

12 paired bones on either side of the sternum

Femur

Upper leg bone

Patella

Kneecap

Tibia

medial lower leg bone

Fibula

Lateral lower leg bone

Tarsals

Ankle bones

Metatarsals

Foot bones

Metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP)

points of attachment of the toes

Muscle tone

Level of passive muscle contraction when at rest

Range of motion (ROM) active vs. passive

Movement potential of a joint Active: patient moves extremity without assistance Passive: clinical manually moves it

Straight leg raise (SLR)

Tests for sciatica or herniated disc in the lumbar spine Positive SLR if patient experiences pain when raising the leg by flexing the hip Need to list the angle when pain occurs

Arthralgia

Joint pain due to injury or illness

Arthritis

Joint pain, stiffness, swelling

Gout

Type of arthritis, buildup of ureic acid acid

Osteoarthritis

Arthritis due to breakdown of cartilage (hands, spine, knees, and hips)

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune disease (chronic inflammation of joints)

Herniated disc

Intervertebral disc protrudes from the spinal column (disc named using the 2 vertebrae

Myalgia

Muscle pain

Dislocation

Displacement of the end of a bone from a joint

Reduction

Procedure to repair a fracture or dislocation to proper alignment

Fracture

Break of bone

Sprain

Stretching or tearing or a ligament

Strain

Overstretching or tear of a muscle and/or a tendon

Osteomyelitis

Infection of the bone

Radiculopathy

Injurt to the root of a nerve causing pain, numbness, tingling or weakness (pinched nerve)

Sciatica

Lower back pain localized to the sciatic nerve Pain radiates down one or both legs

Corneal uptake

Staining and examining the eye; positive uptake indiciates corneal abrasion/injury

EOMI

Extraocular movements intact (normal finding)

Funduscopic exam

Ophthalmoscope used to examine the fundus

Hyphema

Hemorrhage in anterior chamber of eye

Intraocular pressure (IOP)

Pressure created by fluids in eye (increases with age and high IOP indicated damage or glaucoma)

Ptosis

Drooping of the eyelid

Proptosis

Bulging of the eyes

PERRL

Pupils are Equal, Round, Reactive to Light

PERRL(A)

A stands for accomodation so the ability of eye to change its focus from distant to near and vice versa

Fixed and dilated eyes

Indicates unresponsive to light (associated with head injury)

Scleral injection

Redness of sclera

Scleral icterus

Yellowing of sclera

Photophobia

Intolerance to light

Macular degradation

Progressive disease that destroys central portion of the retina (impair vision and commons in elders)

Cerumen

Earwax

Hemotympanum

Presence of blood in the middle ear cavity behind TM or ecchymosis of TM

Otitis Externa

Infection or inflammation of the external auditory canal (swimmer's ear)

Otitis Media

Middle ear infection seen in children (Tm may be bulging)

Labryinthitis

Disorder from infection that inflames inner ear or nerves connecting inner ear to brain that causes dizziness/vertigo and difficulty balancing

Nares

nostrils

Turbinate

Structure in nose that humidifies and filters air

Maxillary

Located behind the cheeks

Sphenoid

Located within the nose

Rhinorrhea

Discharge from nose

Septal hematoma

Collection of blood in septum (can occur after nasal trauma)

Epistaxis

nosebleed