APCSP unit 2 vocab

DNS

short for Domain Name System, this system translates domain names (like example.com) to IP addresses (like 93.184.216.34)

DNS Hierarchy

Top Level Domain, Primary Domain, Subdomains

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

IP Address

A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol - provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.

URL

An easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like www.code.org).

Packets

Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.

Network Redundancy

having multiple backups to ensure reliability during cases of high usage or failure

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Protocol

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force - develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP).

Internet

A group of computers and servers that are connected to each other.

Net Neutrality

the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers.

Redundancy

the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.

Fault Tolerant

Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups.

Datastream

Information passed through the internet in packets.

Packet Metadata

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets

Scalability

the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

World Wide Web

a system of linked pages, programs, and files

The World Wide Web is different from the Internet. The World Wide Web are files, web pages and media. The Internet is the network we use to access those files.

Internet Protocol (IP)

a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

Computing Device

a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Computing System

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

Computing Network

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.

Path

the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.

Bandwidth

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.

Digital Divide

Uneven distribution in the access to, use of, or impact of information and communications technologies (ICT).

ISP

Internet service provider