Intro to Human Communications Final Exam Study Guide

False

Communication is derived from the Greek word "to make common"

False

More communication is always better than less communication

Aristotle

The classical figure who exerted the most influence on persuasive speaking was...

False

There is evidence to support the idea that "Great communicators are born, not made"

True

Technologies of mass communication have been around for centuries

All of the above

The following is an example of a communication situation that typically evokes some anxiety in most individuals:
- A) talking to someone of the opposite sex
- B) attending a party
- C) attempting to sell our ideas or experiences as in a job interview
- A & C only
- all of the above

B & C only

Most of our communication skills are learned through imitation and we know the profound impact that our environment has on our communication skills (or lack of) buy analyzing the _____ case study
- A) Roger and Louie
- B) Genie
- C) The Wild Boy of Aveyron
- B & C only
- All of the above

Flood yourself with the actual experience that causes anxiety

One strategy mentioned in this lesson, which has been shown to help communicators manage anxiety and fear includes...

Force yourself to attend and either ask a question or interject information or an opinion during a meeting with a fairly large group. This could be a face-to-face class, PTA or PTO meeting, business and / or professional meeting, religious or community-type meeting, etc.

You have thoroughly analyzed yourself and found that your area of vulnerability is public speaking; however, you are convinced of the value of improving your skills and are ready to begin. In order to do so you should....

All of the above

One suggestion for increasing the self-esteem mentioned in this lesson includes:
- A) setting your own standards for evaluating yourself
- B) setting realistic goals
- C) eliminating negative self-talk
- A & B only
- All of the above

Is this the way I would want to be treated by others?

Though there are several guidelines mentioned in this lesson to aid us in the ethical decision-making process, the Golden Rule Standard forces us to ask this question

A & C only

Because organizations have their own cultures, and, therefore, must have well-established moral standards in order to survive and thrive, Texas Instruments teaches its employees to make ethical decisions based, in part, on the following criteria:
- A) Legal? If not, then they shouldn't do it
- B) Behavior should be consistent with their religious organizations guidelines
- C) Will you feel bad if you do to? If so, then it is probably wrong
- A & C only
- All of the above

Ethical relativism

The awareness and acceptance that different societies have different moral beliefs

Could our society continue to function if everyone acted in this fashion?

Though there are several guidelines mentioned in this lesson to aid us in the ethical decision making process, the Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative forces us to ask this question

Standards of right and wrong, usually in terms of someones rights

After reading this lesson, which of the following most effectively describes the basis for making sound, ethical decisions?
- A) Feelings that tell us what is right or wrong
- B) Religious beliefs
- C) Standards of right or wrong, usually in terms of someones rights
- D) The law
- E) Based on what society accepts

All of the above

What role does self-disclosure play in our communication with others?
- A) Self disclosure results in self-knowledge
- B) Self disclosure increased communication effectiveness
- C) Self disclosure promotes good health
- Both A & B
- All of the above

Both A & B

Who is the presenting self created to please?
- A) The self
- B) Significant others
- C) Coworkers
- Both A & B
- All of the above

Open communicators

Which type of communicator is most effective in facilitating communication?

Discloses excessively, without regard for feedback

What are the characteristics of the blind communicator?

True

The self-concept is subjective

Perceived self

The kind of person you believe yourself to be is referred to as the

Presenting self

The face you try to show to others is referred to as the

Presenting self

The _____ is the person we choose to be because we think it is the person others expect us to be

The senses

Which of the following are physiological factors, which shape perception?
- A) Culture
- B) Society
- C) The senses
- D) Media
- All of the above

All of the above

We tend to notice stimuli in our environment that are"
- A) Intense
- B) Unique
- C) Contrasting or changing
- All of the above

All of the above

Which of these statements can be made about perceptual schema?
- A) They encourage students to think about and understand their perceptions
- B) They are cognitive frameworks that facilitate the categorization of data we learn about others
C) They include 5 constructs, which represent the primary ways we perceive others
D) All of the above

Selection --> organization --> interpretation

The stages in the perception process are...

All of the above

Our perceptions are sometimes distorted because of:
- A) Defending our own positions
- B) Physiological and psychological noise
- C) Ignoring the fact that people are different
- D) Personal needs and biases
- E) All of the above

False

Our perception of a person, object, or event depends more upon the person, object or event than it depends on the mind of the observer

True

We tend to assume others are like us

True

We are influenced by what is most obvious

True

We cling to first impressions

All of the above

We tend to not express our emotions effectively because:
- A) Social roles
- B) The inability to recognize emotions
- C) Fear of self-disclosure
- D) All of the above

Intensity and duration

Two things that distinguish facilitative emotions from debilitative emotions are

All of the above

Win-win problem solving is seldom used because:
- A) There is a lack of awareness of it
- B) Emotional reflexes prevent constructive solutions
- C) It requires both peoples cooperation
- D) Both A & B
- E) All of the above

All of the above are true

All of the following are true about conflict except:
- A) Conflict is natural
- B) All relationships experience conflict
- C) Conflict can be beneficial
- D) Conflict draws our attention to the need for change in a relationship
- E) All of the above are true

Contribute to effective communication

Facilitative emotions:
- A) Make others feel good
- B) Make you feel good
- C) Inhibit effective communication
- D) Contribute to effective communication
- E) All of the above

Storming

Which stage of group development is characterized by conflict?

It draws attention to the unsatisfied needs of the people involved in the communication

Why is conflict essential in communication?

All of the above

Why do some people hate group work?
- A) because they have not been trained to communicate effectively in groups
- B) Because equal participation among group members is unlikely
- C) all of the above
- D) None of the above

Forming --> Storming --> Norming --> Performing

What sequence of stages do groups move through their development?

Both A & B

How are the types of group communication defined?
- A) Groups are defined by purpose
- B) Groups are defined by the number of people in them
- C) Groups are defined by the types of people who join them
- D) Both A & B
- E) All of the above

Circle diagram

Mostly found in small group communication, this pattern has no designated leader

Star diagram

This pattern suggests that members strive to communicate equally with each other

Y diagram

Associated with large group communication, this patterns allows for quick problem solving

Wheel diagram

What is the most effective of all small group communication patterns with a central leader

Chain diagram

The larger this pattern the more likely the message content will be lost in transmission

Open

Which type of interview question gives the interviewer the most control over the interview?

Opening --> Body --> Closing

Which of the following were identified as the stages of the interview process?

Purpose

Interviews are defined and categorized according to

Guidelines about speaking time for the interviewer and interviewees

The 70/30 rule of interviewing defines

Selection

The employment interview is an example of which type of interview?

Answers A & B

Why should group members assume maintenance roles in group communication?
- A) To minimize conflict in group communication
- B) To keep the group in tact as it pursues its foals
- C) To achieve cohesiveness in group communicant
- D) Because they don't take group communication and group success seriously
- E) Answers A & B

Leader

The group member who functions in a variety of roles, demonstrating communication competence in his or her choice of roles

Task roles

Which roles in group communication contributes most to the groups raisin d'etre?

All of the above

Why do people assume disruptive roles in group communication?
- A) To cover up a lack of preparedness
- B) Because it gives them a false sense of power and control
- C) Because they dont know how to function in more productive roles should
- D) Because they dont take group communication seriously
- E) All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following statements is true about the dominator?
- A) The dominator sometimes contributes too much to discussions
- B) The dominator sometimes contributes too often in group discussions
- C) The dominator dominates discussions because other group members dont contribute as they should
- D) Dominators do not realize that their contributions sometimes inhibit the positive contributions of others
- E) all of the above

Task goal

A goal related to the mission of the group

Both answers 1 and 2

In this lesson, the primary responsibilities of each group member were identified as
- A) Task goals
- B) Maintenance goals
- C) Faith in group communication
D) Group think
- E) Both answers 1 and 2

Role emergence theory

The roles group members are likely to assume as they work in groups

False

Task goals are more important than maintenance goals in group communication

Synergy

Working in concert with other group members to produce something greater than any members of the group could have produced alone

Material conflict

Type of conflict resulting from the group members competition with each other for perceived limited resources?

Type of group

Which of the following was not identified as a factor of cohesiveness in group communication?
- A) Group size
- B) Group norms tat bring out the best in group members
- C) The time that the group spends working together
- D) Members assuming roles that match their abilities
- E) Type of group

All of the above

Which of the following are characteristic of conflict?
- A) Expressed struggle
- B) Incompatible goals
- C) Interdependence
- D) Scarce resources
- E) All of the above

Groupthink

Soloman Asch's research dealt with

Performing

At which stage of group development is cohesiveness most evident?

All of the above

Visuals can help:
- A) The speaker to remember his / her speech
- B) The audience members to remember the information contained in the speech
- C) The speaker to stay organized
- D) A & B only
- E) all of the above

All of the above

The following is a good resource for gathering ideas and information for a presentation:
- A) Face - to - face interviews
- B) Television programs
- C) Professional organizations
- D) B & C only
- E) All of the above

A & C only

Clear organization is important because:
- A) It enhances the speakers credibility
- B) It increases the likelihood that the humor will be acceptable
- C) It increases audience retention
- D) A & C only
- E) A & B only

3-5

The number of main points recommended to include in a speech is

- Neat without extraneous details
- Easy to read
- Large enough
- Match sophistication of visuals to audience

What is needed to enhance a visual and make it good enough for a speech?

Immersive adverstising

When a TV show or film incorporates the product into the storyline they are engaging in...

Agenda setting

Of all the cadets who withdrew from the citadel in 1995, the media selected Shannon Faulkner and called her to the public's attention. This is an example of which of the following?
- Agenda setting
- Cultivation theory
- Supporting dominant social systems
- Standpoint theory

True

Uses and gratification assumes jay consumers of mass media are active agents who deliberately choose what pleases them

True

The premise of cultivation theory is that the more one attends to television, the more distorted perspective of reality they hold

False

Becoming media literate takes little work

Cultivation theory

Heavy television viewers are more likely to have beliefs that reflect the worldview portrayed by television, which is not equivalent to reality. In television entertainment programming, 77% of major characters that commit crimes perpetrate acts of violence, compared to roughly 10% of actually reported crimes. This is an example of what

Mainstreaming

Television's tendency to stabilize abd homogenize views within a society in order to create a single allegedly mainstream view is known as what

All of the above

To become a more responsible and thoughtful consumer of mass communication we should
- A) Develop media literacy
- B) Be aware of the patterns mass media employ
- C) Recognize that mass communication is one of many influences on individuals and society
- D) All of the above

True

The telegraph inaugurated the electronic era

True

Part of having media literacy means being skeptical of what is presented

True

Breathing, relaxation techniques, and visualizing success are all good tips to reduce anxiety

False

Pitch and volume are synonyms for how one controls how loudly one is speaking

False

When recording your speech video, it is recommended that you do not look directly into the camera, instead you should read your speech

False

When you are watching youtube videos you are engaging in the form of communication called interpersonal communication

False

In order to avoid moving your hands excessively while speaking you should put your hands in your pockets

Rate

The speed at which you are talking

Recognizing another person exists

The most basic form of confirmation in interpersonal communication is what

Differentiating

According to Knapp's staged of coming apart when relationships eventually terminate, a common solution to _____ is for each partner to hide the other "some space"

Self-disclosure

The act of voluntarily revealing to others information that is not easily known about ourselves is called _____

Hidden are

When Jacob encounters a family crisis and handles it well, he is pleased to learn that he is able to operate well under high personal stress. Prior to the family crisis, Jacob's knowledge of how he would manage personal stress in which area of the Johari Window?

Pragma

Of her marriage, Myra says "Its not like we ever really fell in love. It was more like we gradually grew together. I think of my husband as my best friend." Myra seems to have which kind of style of loving?

Audience analysis

The first step in choosing a speech topic is what

Knowledge

Which is not an audience demographic?
- A) Knowledge
- B) Gender
- C) Education
- D) Age

beliefs

Audience _____ are what they view as true or false

What the speaking situation will be

The last step of audience analysis is determining...

Academic Search Premiere

The best database to find periodicals is...

To inform, to persuade, to entertain

The three general speech purposes are...

a question

A thesis statement is not...