Public Speaking, Civic Engagement, and Audience Analysis Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering public speaking, civic engagement, speaker-listener partnership, communication apprehension, and understanding diverse audiences based on Chapters 1 through 4 notes.

Good citizenship

Includes rights and responsibilities, especially getting involved.

Civic engagement

Active participation in public or community issues by volunteering, voting, supporting causes, or speaking out.

Rhetorical tradition

Study of effective and ethical communication, dating back to ancient Greece and Rome.

Ethical persuasion

Uses honest, logical, well-supported arguments.

Demagoguery

Manipulating an audience through fear, strong emotion, or emotional manipulation instead of reason, evidence, and reasoning.

Responsible speakers

Speakers who are honest, informed, accountable, respectful of diversity, and avoid plagiarism.

Civic virtue

Qualities and actions that help support the common good.

Citizen critic

A person who carefully evaluates public arguments and evidence.

Civic literacy

Understanding how government, society, and civic responsibilities work.

Plagiarism

Using someone else's words or ideas without credit.

Paraphrasing

Restating someone else's ideas in your own words with credit.

Ghostwriting

Writing a speech or other work for someone to present as their own.

Deliberating in good faith

Honestly and seriously considering issues and arguments.

Hate speech

Speech attacking or expressing hatred toward people based on characteristics.

Public deliberation

Citizens discussing and reasoning together about public issues.

Transactional communication

Communication as a two-way process where speakers and listeners affect each other.

Critical listening

Evaluating a speaker's ideas, evidence, credibility, and purpose.

Active listening

Paying close attention, giving feedback, taking notes, and focusing and responding to the speaker.

Encode

Turn ideas into words or symbols.

Decode

Interpret a message.

Noise

Anything that interferes with communication.

Captive audience

An audience required to listen.

Listening

Actively receiving and understanding messages.

Empathetic listening

Listening to understand another person's feelings and perspective.

Informational listening

Listening to learn and understand information.

Passivity syndrome

Listening without active attention or effort.

Stereotyping

Making broad assumptions about individuals based on group membership.

Glass ceiling

Invisible barrier that limits advancement based on group membership.

Nonverbal communication

Communication without words, such as body language.

Ethos

A speaker's credibility or trustworthiness.

Temporal context

Time-related circumstances surrounding communication.

Communication apprehension

Fear or anxiety about communicating with others.

Trait anxiety

General anxiety across many speaking situations.

State anxiety

Anxiety caused by a specific situation.

Feedback

Responses that help a speaker understand how their message is received.

Deep breathing

Relaxation technique using slow, controlled breaths.

Isometric exercise

Tightening and releasing muscles to reduce tension.

Aerobic exercise

Exercise that increases heart and breathing rates and can reduce stress.

Demographics

Characteristics used to describe a population, such as age, education, or income.

Target audience

Specific group a speaker wants to reach.

Saliency

How important or relevant something is to the audience.

Gender identity

A person's internal sense of their gender.

Socially constructed

Created or shaped by society rather than existing as a fixed natural fact.

Racism

Prejudice or discrimination based on race, often connected to unequal power or systems.

Ethnocentrism

Judging other cultures by the standards of your own culture.

Maslow's hierarchy

Model describing human needs, from basic needs to higher-level personal fulfillment.

Self-actualization needs

Needs related to achieving one's full potential.

Values

Deep beliefs about what is important or desirable.

Attitudes

Positive or negative feelings or evaluations about something.

Beliefs

Ideas a person accepts as true.

Loaded questions

Questions phrased in a way that pressures or unfairly influences the answers.

Objectively

Evaluating information fairly and without personal bias.