American Pageant Ch.12

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Treaty in 1817 between the US and Great Britain for mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes, later expanded to an unarmed Canada/US border, symbolizing improved relations and early arms control.

Second Bank of the United States

Established in 1816 to address the lack of secure federal depository and unsound state bank practices, supported by Democratic-Republicans for national interest.

Tariff of 1816

Imposed higher rates to protect American industries from British competition, with rates averaging 20% to 25%, differing from earlier revenue-focused tariffs.

American System

Proposed by Henry Clay in 1824, aimed to benefit all regions through protective tariffs, a strong banking system, and infrastructure development financed by tariffs.

Bonus Bill

John C. Calhoun's 1817 proposal to use Second Bank dividends for internal improvements, vetoed by Madison due to lack of constitutional power for such funding.

Era of Good Feelings

Period from 1816 to 1824 marked by reduced political strife, Monroe's election victories, but also rising sectional tensions over tariffs, internal improvements, and slavery.

Nationalism

Post-War of 1812 pride leading to national development support, seen in Capitol construction, new literature, and expanded federal powers for economic growth.

Panic of 1819 & Wildcat Banks

Caused by western land speculation and unsound practices of state banks, leading to foreclosures, land price drops, and calls for protective tariffs.

Robert Fulton & Steamboats

Demonstrated steamboat viability in 1807, revolutionizing transportation, lowering costs, and boosting regional economies through faster trade.

Tallmadge Amendment

1819 measure to block Missouri's slave statehood, raising Southern fears of slavery restrictions, defeated in the Senate.

Missouri Compromise

1820 agreement allowing Missouri as a slave state, Maine as free, and prohibiting slavery above 36° 30′ in the Louisiana Purchase, maintaining sectional balance.

McCulloch v. Maryland

1819 case establishing federal supremacy over states, confirming Congress's implied powers, and validating the constitutionality of the Second Bank.

Cohens v. Virginia

1821 case affirming Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction over state laws, asserting central government power over state legislation.

Gibbons v. Ogden

1824 case defining broad commerce interpretation, confirming Congress's exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce.

Fletcher v. Peck

1810 case upholding contracts against state interference, protecting legal agreements from state impairment.

Dartmouth College v

1819 case safeguarding corporate charters from state alterations, encouraging economic development but limiting public control.

Treaty of 1818

Fixed US-Canada boundary at 49th parallel, shared Oregon country, and Newfoundland fisheries, enhancing diplomatic relations.

Andrew Jackson in Florida

1818 actions in Florida to curb Seminole and slave refuge, leading to diplomatic pressure on Spain.

Adams-Onis Florida Purchase Treaty

1819 treaty ceding Florida to the US from Spain for $5 million, setting boundaries and relinquishing claims.

Monroe Doctrine

1823 policy closing Western Hemisphere to European colonization, non-interference in European affairs, and opposition to European intervention, enforced by British navy.

54°40′/ Russo-American Treaty

1824 agreement halting Russian expansion in the Western Hemisphere at 54°40′, a success of the Monroe Doctrine.