BCR TBL 3: Control of Blood Pressure and Haemorrhage

Where is the Thermoregulatory Centre

Hypothalamus

What is a feedforward response

Anticipatory response

What is the neurotransmitter of the preganglionic neuron

ACh

What is the neurotransmitter of the sympathetic postganglionic neuron

Noradrenaline

What is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic postganglionic neuron

ACh

Where does the Sympathetic Nervous system arise from

Thoracic and Lumbar spinal cord

Where does the Parasympathetic Nervous System arise from

Brainstem and Sacral spinal cord

are preganglionic neurones longer in sympathetic or parasympathetic

Parasympathetic

Generally which neuronic pathway uses many effectors all at once

Sympathetic

What is the inner layer of the adrenal gland

Adrenal Medulla

What is the outer layer of the adrenal gland

Adrenal Cortex

What part of adrenal gland secretes catecholamines

Adrenal Medulla

What are catecholamines derived from

Tyrosine

2 Examples of catecholamines

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

What is the ratio of adrenaline to noradrenaline produced

80:20

The Adrenal gland is a specialised SNS ganglion that interacts directly with

Chromaffin cells

What is a constriction of airways called

Brochospasm

What effectors have Alpha 1 Adrenergic receptors

vascular tissue and pupils

What effectors have Alpha 2 Adrenergic receptors

CNS platelets adipose tissue

What effectors have Beta 1 Adrenergic receptors

CNS cardiac muscle Kidneys

What effectors have Beta 3 Adrenergic receptors

Some blood vessels respiratory tract uterus

What effectors have Beta 4 Adrenergic receptors

Adipose Tissue

When is blood pressure max and what is the number

systole 120

When is blood pressure lowest and what is the number

diastole 80

When you take a pulse what are you actually feeling

Pulse Pressure

Blood Pressure is measured using a

Sphygmomanometer

When you listen for turbulent blood flow in a brachial artery what is the name of the sound

Korotokoff sounds

What is hypotension

Low BP

What is Hypertension

High BP

Effects of Hypotension

Chronic Fatigue and inability to exercise

Effects of Hypertension

May burst blood vessels

Where are the two main baroreceptors for blood pressure

Carotid sinus and Aortic sinus

What nerve carries impulses from baroreceptors and which cranial nerve number is it

Glossopharyngeal 9

Where do the impulses from the glossopharyngeal nerve go

Medulla oblongata

Where do the impulses from the glossopharyngeal nerve go within the medulla oblongata

nucleus tractus solitarius

From the nucleus tractus solitarius what nerve is the parasympathetic route

Vagus nerve

From the nucleus tractus solitarius what nerve is the sympathetic route

Cardiac accelerator nerve

What receptors does Norepinephrine bind to in cardiac myocytes

B1 and B2

What receptor does ACh bind to in cardiac myocytes

M2

Drugs that block adrenergic and ACh receptors are

Beta blockers

Drugs that block Muscarinic receptors are

Atropine

What receptors does Norepinephrine bind to in blood vessels

A1 and A2

What receptor does ACh bind to in blood vessels

M3

Which alpha receptor does Norepinephrine bind to more

A1

What does extended bed rest do to BP

Increases it

What is RAAS

Renin Angiotensin aldosterone system

When low BP is detected what is released by RAAS system

Renin

What does renin do

Convert Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I

What happens to Angiotensin I

Converted to Angiotensin II by ACE

What does Angiotensin II do

ADH and Aldosterone production vasoconstriction thirst stimulation

Where is aldosterone released

Adrenal Cortex

What senses Renin in kidneys

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

When are atrial natriuretic peptides released

Atrial Wall Stretch

What are the three receptor Types

Nicotinic Muscarinic Adrenergic

What effect does the SNS have on digestion and urinary activity

Decreased

What effect does the SNS have on heart rate and blood pressure

Increased

What effect does the SNS have on bronchioles

Dilation

What effect does the SNS have on Skeletal muscles

Vasodilation

What effect does the SNS have on non-essential areas (e.g., digestive tract, skin)

Vasoconstriction

What effect does the SNS have on the liver

Glucose release

What effect does the PSNS have on the heart rate and blood pressure

Decreases

What effect does the PSNS have on digestion and urinary activity

Increased

Does the PSNS tend to have localised and specific effects or widespread

Localised and specific

Does the SNS tend to have localised and specific effects or widespread

Widespreadq

What is the main regulator of autonomic fucntion in the brain

Hypothallamus

What is the main regulator of cardiovascular and respiratory functions in the brain

Medulla and pons

What do catecholamines do to SNS activity

Increase

What is a medical use of catecolamines

Epipens

Do the ventricles recieve both SNS and PSNS , Just PSNS or just SNS

SNS

Does the AVN and SAN recieve both SNS and PSNS , Just PSNS or just SNS

Both

Does the SNS or PSNS control vasoconstriction and dilation

SNS

What kind of proteins are Adrenergic Receptors

GPCRs

What do Alpha1 Adrenergic recptors do

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels (raises blood pressure)

What do Beta1 Adrenergic recptors do

Increases heart rate and cardiac output

What do Beta2 Adrenergic recptors do

Bronchodilation

What do Beta3 Adrenergic recptors do

involved in metabolism

Where are beta 3 adrenergic receptors found

Adipose tissue

What is the name for blood vessel stretch ability

Compliance

What does Diastolic pressure + 1/3 * pulse pressure tell you

MAP

What does the difference between diastolic and systolic pressure tell you

Pulse Pressure

Do baroreceptors fire more or less when blood pressure decreases

Less

Do baroreceptors fire more or less when blood pressure increases

More