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Covalent bond
Formed when two atoms share their valence electrons.
Molecule
Contains atoms connected by covalent bonds. Examples: H2O, CO2, glucose (C6H12O6)
Nonmetal + Nonmetal
This pair forms a covalent compound. For example, in Cl2, two nonmetal atoms (Cl) share a pair of valence electrons to form a covalent bond.
Dot-and-cross diagram for H2O

Dot-and-cross diagram for CO2

Ionic bond
Formed when a cation (+) is attracted to an anion (-).
Ionic compound
Contains ions connected by ionic bonds. Examples: NaCl, CaCO3
Metal + Nonmetal
This pair forms an ionic compound. For example, in NaCl, the metal (Na) loses electrons to form a cation (Na+) while the nonmetal (Cl) gains electrons to form an anion (Cl-). The ions (Na+ and Cl-) are then connected by ionic bonds.