Year 10 - Term three test

cells

the tiny parts that make up every living creature

tissues

a group of cells that work together

organs

something made up of more than one tissue that has a function in the body

organ systems

a group of organs that work together

carbohydrates

things your body uses for energy, in the three main food groups

proteins

amino acids eg. meat, cheese, fish, soy beans

fats

fatty acids and glycerol eg. butter, oil

starch

complex carbs eg. potatoes, bread

sugar

simple carbs

lipids

scientific name for fats and oils

mouth

where the teeth and tongue start digestion

teeth

break up pieces of food

oesophagus

moves food down to the stomach

stomach

breaks down food with acid and enzymes into a semi-liquid form

small intestine

absorbs nutrients from digested food into bloodstream

rectum

stores solid waste until ready to be pooed out

incisors

teeth with an edge for chewing things

canines

pointy teeth for killing, holding and tearing

molars

flat top teeth for grinding

ingestion

food entering living creatures mouths

digestion

where food gets broken down into smaller molecules

physical digestion

where the teeth chew and the stomach mixes

chemical digestion

enzymes break down the food

absorption

food goes from the small intestine to the blood

egestion

body getting rid of food waste

enzymes

breaks things down using chemicals from the body

substrate

chemical broken down by an enzyme

amylase

breaks down carbs into glucose

protease

an enzyme that breaks down proteins

heart

pumps blood around the body

artery

pumps blood away from the heart

vein

pumps blood towards the heart

aorta

pumps blood to most of the body

vena cava

carries blood without oxygen back to the heart

pulmonary vein

carries blood to the veins

ventricle

two lower chambers of the heart

atrium

upper two chambers of the heart

pulse

blood through arteries, heart beat

gas exchange

exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen

carbon dioxide

what the body breathes out

oxygen

what you breathe in

rib muscles

they help the diaphragm to help us breathe

alveoli

tiny air sacs that do gas exchange

bronchioles

these are in the lungs and carry oxygen into lungs and end in the alveoli

bronchi

the trachea splits into two of these, these connect to the bronchioles

diaphragm

muscle that moves downwards to pull air into your lungs

trachea

also called a windpipe, air travels down here into your lungs

DNA

a large chemical found in the nucleus of nearly every cell

nucleotide

one sugar, one phosphate and one base

trait

the effect of a gene, also called a phenotype

gene

a place on your DNA that controls a trait

allele

different varieties of a gene

chromosome

large sections of DNA, humans have 23 pairs

mitosis

cell division that makes exact copies of cells for growth and repair

meiosis

cell division that makes gametes for reproduction

gamete

special cells with half the normal amount of chromosomes