V - Health Care Strategies & Health Problem Identification

Health Promotion

• service designed to reduce risk of illness, maintain maximal function and promote good health habit

Illness Prevention

• service designed to reduce risk factor in an effort to avoid primary, secondary or tertiary health problems

Illness Prevention

Example:

• no smoking program

• controlling breeding insect

• education program on AIDS prevention

• Immunization

Health Promotion

Example:

• Prenatal nutrition

• exercise classes

• Stress management

Diagnosis and Treatment

• commonly used service of health care

  • usually sought once a person feels ill or a problem is indicated

Diagnosis and Treatment

Example:

• Treatment provided in any health care setting

• Teaching about SBE

• Vision Screening

Rehabilitation

• program have extended beyond helping those with illness or injuries to the nervous system

• involves the patient, family and the entire health team who will individualize a rehabilitation program for the patient

• provided in various setting like hospital, home, healthcare home, outpatient setting

Basic Human Needs

• certain needs that are common to all people

• each individual has unique characteristics

Human Needs

• Physiologic and psychologic conditions that the individual must meet to achieve a state of health and well-being

Self-Actualization

• achieving one’s full potential including creative activities

Esteem Needs

• prestige and feeling of accomplishment

Love and Belongingness Needs

• intimate relationships, friends

Safety Needs

• Security and Safety

Physiological Needs

• Food

• Water

• Warmth and Rest

Abraham Harold Maslow

• was a psychologist who studied positive human qualities and the lives of exemplary people

  • created the Hierarchy of Human Needs and expressed his theories in his book

Motivation and Personality

• in 1954 Maslow created the Hierarchy of Human Needs and expressed his theory in his book named:

Self Actualization

• a person’s motivation to reach his or her full potential

  • as shown in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, a person’s basic needs must be met before this can be achieved

Physiological Needs

• air

• food

• rest and sleep

• sex

Safety and Security

• include a secure physical and emotional environment

• psychological safety

• the need to be free from worry about money and job security

• the need for shelter and freedom from harm and danger

Love and Belongingness Needs

• involve social processes

• the need for affection; to associate or to belong

• the need to love and be loved

• the need to be accepted by one’s peers

• combination of family and community relationships outside the job

• friendships on the job

• the need to establish fruitful and meaningful relationships with people, institution or organization

Self-Esteem

2 Different Sets of Needs:

1. the need for a positive self-image or self respect

   1. the need for recognition and respect from others

Self-Actualization

• involve realizing one’s potential for continued growth and individual development

• the need to learn, create and understand or comprehend

• the need to be self-fulfilled

• the need for spiritual fulfillment

Objective Attribute

Measures of Health:

• health measures

Objective Attribute

Measures of Health:

• health behavior indicators

Objective Attribute

Measures of Health:

• environmental indicators

Objective Attribute

Measures of Health:

• socio-economic indicators

Subjective Attribute

Measures of Health:

• measures of physical well-being (indicates by physical function)

Subjective Attribute

Measures of Health:

• measures of psychological well-being

Subjective Attribute

Measures of Health:

• measures of social well-being

Subjective Attribute

Measures of Health:

• measures of quality of life

Rate

• measurement of some event, disease or condition in relation to a unit of population along with some satisfaction of time

• provides an opportunity for comparison of events, disease, or conditions that occur at different times or places

Death Rates

• number of deaths per 100,000 resident population

• most frequently used means of qualifying the seriousness of injury or disease

Mortality Rates

• whole sum of deaths in a given time or given community

• frequency of all deaths over a period of time, usually a years in relation to the total population in which the deaths occur

Morbidity Rates

• number of cases per year of certain disease in relation to the population in which they occur

Crude Rate

• rate expressed for a total population

Adjusted Rate

• also expressed for a total population;

• statistically adjusted for certain characteristics such as age

Specific Rate

• rate for particular population subgroup, for a particular disease) disease-specific) or for a particular age) age-specific

Life Expectancy

• based on mortality

• the most comprehensive indicator of patterns of health and disease, as well as living standards and social developments

Life Expectancy

• most frequently used times to state life expectancy

Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)

• measure of premature mortality

• places additional emphasis on deaths of younger residents

Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)

• calculated by subtracting a person’s age at death from 75 years

Disability-Adjusted Life Years

• is equal to one lost year of healthy life

  • To calculate how many were incurred through road accidents in the Philippines

  • Add the total years of life lost (YLL) and the total years of life lived with disabilities (YDLs) by survivors of such accidents

Health Surveys

• gathering of data

Examination Survey

• using a mobile examination center (physical examination, clinical and laboratory testing)

Interview Survey

• ask respondents about their health and health behavior

• ask respondents to describe their health status using one of the 5 categories

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance (BRFSS)

• ask questions on:

  • risk factors

  • preventative health practices

  • access to preventive services and health insurances

  • a few demographic questions

Preventive, Promotive, Curative and Rehabilitative

The 4 Health Care Strategies: