HOSA Bowl Important People

Hippocrates

Established code of ethics in medicine

Rhazes

Arab Hippocrates, suggested blood was the cause of infectious diseases

Andreas Vesalius

Published the first anatomy book

Ambroise Pare

Established the use of ligatures to bind, improved treatment of fractures

William Harvey

Described circulation of blood to and from heart

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

Inventor of the microscope, "Father of Microbiology"

Gabriel Fallopius

Identified Fallopian tubes in females, tympanic membranes in the ears

Bartolomeo Eustachio

Identified the Eustachian tube

Gabriel Fahrenheit

Created the first mercury thermometer in 1714

Joseph Priestley

Discovered the element oxygen in 1774

John Hunter

Established scientific surgical procedures, introduced tube feeding in 1778

Dr. Jessee Bennet

Performed the first successful Cesarean section in 1794

James Lind

First prescribed lime juice for scurvy 1795

Edward Jenner

Developed the smallpox vaccination in 1796

Rene Laennec

Inventor of the stethoscope 1816, "Father of Pulmonary Diseases"

James Blundwell

Performed first successful blood transfusion on humans in 1818

Dr. Philippe Pinel

Began humane treatment for mental illnesses

Theodor Fliedner

Started first training programs for nurses in Germany in 1836

Dr. James Simpson

Began using chloroform as an anesthetic in 1847

Elizabeth Blackwell

First female physician in the US in 1849, started the first Women's Medical College in New York in 1868

Florence Nightingale

Established efficient and sanitary nursing units during the Crimean War 1854, "Mother of Modern Nursing"

Dorothea Dix

Appointed Superintendent of Female Nurses of the Army in 1861

Joseph Lister

Started using disinfectants during surgery in 1865

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson

First female physician in Britain

Paul Erlich

Developed the foundation for modern theories of immunity, developed methods of detecting various diseases

Clara Barton

Founded American Red Cross in 1881

Robert Koch

Developed culture plate method to identify pathogens, "Father of Microbiology"

Louis Pasteur

Pasteurized milk to kill bacteria, created a rabies vaccination

Dimitri Ivanofski

Discovered viruses in 1892

Lillian Wald

Started public health nursing in 1893

Dr. Emile Roux

Developed a vaccine for diphtheria in 1894

Wilhelm Roentgen

Invented the X-ray

Anthony Wright

Developed a vaccine for typhoid fever in 1897

Bayer

Introduced powdered aspirin in 1899

Walter Reed

Proved that mosquitoes carry yellow fever in 1900

Carl Landsteiner

Classified ABO blood groups in 1901

Dr. Harry Plotz

Developed a vaccine against typhoid 1903

Dr. Elie Metchnikoff

Identified how white blood cells protect against disease

Marie Curie

Isolated radium in 1910

Frederick Banting and Charles Best

Used insulin to treat diabetes in 1922

Sir Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin in 1928

Buddy

First guide dog in 1928

Dr. Robert Smith and William Wilson

Founded Alcoholics Anonymous in 1935

Gerhard Domagk

Developed sulfa drugs to fight infections

Dr. George Papanicolaou

Developed the Pap test in 1941

Jonas Salk

Developed the polio vaccine 1952

Joseph Murray

Performed first successful kidney transplant in 1954

Thomas Starzl

Performed first liver transplant 1963

James Hardy

Performed first lung transplant 1964

Christian Barnard

Performed first heart transplant 1967

Hargobind Khorana

Synthesized a gene in 1970

Louise Brown

First test tube baby born 1978

Dr. William Devries

Implanted first artificial heart in 1982

Dr. Craig Venter

Synthesized an entire genome of a bacterium in 2010