🌱SCIENCE PLANTS TEST🔬

photosynthesis

a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and

carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off

oxygen.

ecosystem

all the living things and nonliving things in a given area.

cellular respiration

a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food

molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP.

glycolysis

a process by which glucose, a sugar, is broken down into smaller

molecules.

producer

an organism that uses an outside energy source, such as the Sun,

and produces its own food.

consumer

an organism that cannot make its own food and gets energy by

eating other organisms.

detritivore

an organism that consumes the bodies of dead organisms and

wastes produced by living organisms.

food chain

a model that shows how energy flows in an ecosystem through

feeding relationships.

food web

a model of energy transfer that can show how the food chains in a

community are interconnected.

energy pyramid

a model that shows the amount of energy available in each link of a

food chain.

evaporation

the process of a liquid changing to a gas at the surface of the liquid.

condensation

the process by which a gas changes to a liquid.

precipitation

water, in liquid or solid form, that falls from the atmosphere.

nitrogen fixation

the process that changes atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen

compounds that are usable by living things.

Xylem

made up of tubular vessels that transport

water and minerals UP from the roots throughout

the plant

Phloem

made up of tubular cells that move food

from leaves and stems where it is made to the

other parts of the plant for direct use or storage

(DOWN)

Cambium

(Between xylem and phloem) is a

tissue that produces new xylem and phloem cells

Herbaceous

stems that are soft and green ex-

pepper, corn, and tulips

Woody

stems that are hard and rigid ex- oak,

birch, and maple

Leaves

the plant organs that usually trap light and

make food

Epidermis

a thin layer of cells that covers and

protects both the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf

Waxy cuticle

protects the plant from wilting or drying

out

Stomata

small pores in the leaf surfaces – allows

carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen to enter and leave a

leaf

Guard cells

opens and closes the pores

Palisade layer

closely packed cells, contain chloroplast

filled with chlorophyll. ***Photosynthesis takes place in

this layer

Spongy layer

loosely arranged cells, has many air sacs,

and the xylem and phloem vessels are located in this layer.