Arthritic and Non-arthritic Rheumatic cards

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing rheumatic diseases, classifications of arthritis, diagnostic synovial fluid traits, osteoarthritis pathology, symptoms, hand node manifestations, medical treatments, and surgical options based on the lecture slides.

Rheumatic Disease

An umbrella term referring to over 100 conditions that affect the joints, tendons, muscles, ligaments, and bones, causing pain, stiffness, and potential swelling.

Arthritis

A general term used to describe the swelling and tenderness of one or more joints, derived from 'Arthro' (joint) and '-itis' (inflammation).

Primary Goals of Rheumatic Disease Treatment

To improve function and provide a better quality of life by optimizing movement to improve the human experience.

Osteoarthritis (OA)

The most common non-inflammatory form of arthritis, characterized by slowly progressive articular cartilage destruction and bony overgrowth.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy cells, causing inflammation, swelling, and pain in several joints at once.

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

A chronic inflammatory disease that is the most common rheumatic disease found in children.

Synovial Membrane

A membrane lining all di-arthrodial joints that produces synovial fluid to lubricate joints and provide nutrition to cartilage.

Non-inflammatory Synovial Fluid

Diagnostic joint fluid that appears clear and yellow, containing under 25% WBCs and cartilage debris.

Inflammatory Synovial Fluid

Diagnostic joint fluid that appears cloudy with decreased viscosity, containing 25-80% WBCs and potentially Rheumatoid factor.

Rheumatoid Factor

A type of protein called an autoantibody that the immune system makes by mistake, which attacks healthy tissues instead of germs.

Gout

A non-arthritic rheumatic disease characterized by the presence of sodium urate crystals in synovial fluid.

Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)

A general term used interchangeably with Osteoarthritis, though not descriptive of the exact disease process with OA.

Osteophytes

Bone spurs or bony overgrowths that form along joint surfaces in response to cartilage breakdown and joint damage.

Crepitus

A crackling, popping, or grating sound or sensation in a joint caused by friction between bone and cartilage.

Bouchard Nodes

Osteoarthritic enlargements occurring at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the hand.

Heberden Nodes

Osteoarthritic enlargements occurring at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints of the hand.

Viscosupplementation

A procedure where a gel-like fluid called hyaluronic acid is injected into the knee joint to reduce pain and facilitate movement.

Hyaluronic Acid

A naturally occurring substance in joint synovial fluid that acts as a lubricant and shock absorber for joint loads.

Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injections

Short-term relief injections given directly into a specific joint, limited to no more than 3-4 per year due to increased risk of loss of blood supply to the bones and osteoporosis.

Osteotomy

A surgical management technique where bone is cut to change alignment and realign joint surfaces, buying time before needing total joint replacement.

Arthroplasty

A surgical procedure involving the reconstruction or replacement of a diseased joint.