Unit 3 Vocab APUSGOV

Affirmative action

A basis of determining whether job discrimination exists. A policy to achieve equality for minority groups.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

Civil liberties

Protections from the government

Civil rights

Protections by the government

Civil rights Act of 1964

Made discrimination in public accommodations (hotels and restaurants) illegal.

Clear-and-present danger doctrine

judicial interpretation of Amendment 1 that government may not ban speech unless such speech poses an imminent threat to society.

De facto segregation

Segregation of schools and public facilities

De jure segregation

Legal segregation enforced by law.

Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)

Overturned Roe v. Wade, returning abortion regulation to states.

Due Process Clause

part of the 14th Amendment which guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people

Eighth Amendment

No cruel and unusual punishment

Equal protection Clause

Constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally-14th amendment

Establishment Clause

Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion.

Exclusionary rule

improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial

Fifth Amendment

Rights of people accused of crimes

First Amendment

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

Fourteenth Amendment

1. Citizenship to everyone born in the country

2. Defends against gov taking away a right or liberty

3. Some constitutional amendments apply to the states

Fourth Amendment

Protects against unreasonable search and seizure

Free Exercise Clause

A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion.

Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo (2024)

Did article III of the constitution give the courts ultimate responsibility of adjudicating administrative decisions?

Under the APA, yes. It's the court's responsibility to decide whether the law means what the agency says.

Miranda rule

the constitutional rights which police must read to a suspect before questioning can occur

nationalization of the Bill of Rights

a judicial doctrine of the Fourteenth Amendment that applied parts of the bill of rights

Prior restraint

government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast

Procedural Due Process

Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.

Second Amendment

Right to keep and bear arms

Selective incorporation

The process by which provisions of the Bill of Rights are brought within the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment and so applied to state and local governments.

separate but equal doctrine

Segregation doctrine stating that segregation is legal as long as the separate facilities are equal in quality, although they never woudl be.

Sixth amendment

(When accused of a crime) Right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial.

Substantive due process

5th and 14th amendment policy to protect fundamental rights from government interference.

Trump v. United States (2024)

Presidents are immune from prosecution for acts committed while in office

Voting Rights Act of 1965

a law designed to help end barriers to African-American suffrage