5) Hypothalamic Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Part 3

What is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation related to thyroid function?

Congenital hypothyroidism

In congenital hypothyroidism, which of the following symptoms is commonly observed in neonates?

Yellow skin, distended abdomen, and umbilical hernia

What distinguishes a hypothyroid dwarf from a pituitary dwarf?

Disproportionate limbs in hypothyroid dwarf

What autoimmune condition is associated with destruction of the thyroid gland?

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Which lab pattern is typically seen in untreated Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Low T4, high TSH

What dietary intervention is most effective in iodine-deficiency endemic areas?

Sodium iodide-fortified salt

Which of the following symptoms is least likely in adult hypothyroidism?

Tachycardia

What causes goitre formation in hypothyroid patients?

High TSH stimulating thyroid growth

Graves disease is characterized by:

Antibodies that stimulate TSH receptors

Which symptom is most specific to Graves disease?

Exophthalmos

What is a common first-line drug treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Carbimazole

What is the mechanism of action of propylthiouracil in hyperthyroidism?

Blocks thyroid peroxidase enzyme

Which of the following clinical findings is most consistent with hyperthyroidism?

Heat intolerance and weight loss

Why are beta blockers like propranolol used in hyperthyroidism?

To control heart rate by blocking beta receptors

Which of the following best describes the metabolic state in hyperthyroidism?

Increased lipolysis and enhanced glucose metabolism