Non-Spore Forming Bacilli-Anaerobic (Lecture 16)

Lecture 16

What is the structural features of Non-Spore Forming Bacilli-Anaerobic?

Heterogenous group of bacteria that helps comprise the bacterial populations on the skin and mucosal surfaces.

Bacteroides fragilis is the exception

What are the structural features of Actinomyces?

Facultative anaerobe or strictly anaerobic gram POSITIVE rods

Grow slowly in culture

Produce chronic, slowly developing infections

No normally present on the skin surface

What are the clinical manifestations of Actinomyces?

Actinomycosis

• Chronic, pus producing granulomatous lesions

• Form abscesses connected by sinus tracts

Most actinomycetes infections are cervicofacial

Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, CNS

CNS is most common manifestation

What is the treatment for Actinomyces?

Surgical debridement and antibiotics

Penicillin

What are the structural features of Bacteroides fragilis?

Anaerobic gram NEGATIVE

Non-spore forming rod

Pleomorphic in size and shape

Rapidly growing

Endogenous infections are polymicrobial in nature

Antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule

Primary virulence factor— FIMBRIAE, B. Fragilis TOXIN

What does B. fragilis toxin do?

Stimulates chloride secretion and small intestine fluid loss

What are the clinical manifestations of B. fragilis?

Intra-abdominal infections

Skin/soft tissue infections

Gynecologic infections

Gastroenteritis

What is the treatment for B. fragilis?

RESISITANT to Penicillin

25% are resistant to CLINDAMYCIN

Susceptible to metronidazole and carbapenems

What are the structural features of Lactobacillis?

Gram POSITIVE

Normal flora of the mouth, stomach, intestines, and genitourinary tract

Common in urethra but rarely causes UTS’s

What are the clinical manifestations of Lactobacillis?

Invasion into blood stream = bacteremia, endocarditis, or septicemia

What is the treatment for Lactobacillis?

RESISTANT to vancomycin

Must use penicillin and aminoglycoside

What are the structural features of Cutibacterium?

Gram POSITIVE

Small rods arranged in chins or clumps

Found on skin, CONJUNCTIVA, external ear, oropharynx and in female genital tract

What are the clinical manifestations for Cutibacterium?

C. acnes in ACNE is to stimulate an inflammatory response

What is the treatment for Cutibacterium?

Topical application of BENZOYL peroxide and antibiotics (erythromycin)

What are the structural features of Bifidobacterium?

Gram POSITIVE

Found in oropharynx, large intestine, vagina

Low virulence potential.

Common culture used in YOGURT and PROBIOTICS