fed gov exam 3

Bureaucracy

A system of organization and control based on the principles of hierarchical authority.

Merit system

Managing the bureaucracy where by people are appointed to government positions on the basis of either competitive or special qualifications

Patronage

managing the bureaucracy whereby people are appointed as a reward for political services or partisan loyalty

spoils system

granting public office to individuals in return for political favors they have rendered

dissenting opinion

the opinion of a justice in a supreme court case that explains his or her reasons for disagreeing with the majority’s decision

judicial review

the power of courts to decide whether a governmental institution has acted within its constitutional powers and if not, to declare its action null

Precedent

a judicial decision that serves as a rule for settling subsequent cases of a similar nature

writ of certiorari

permission granted by a higher court to allow a losing party in a legal case to bring the case before it for a ruling. when writ is requested, 4 of the courts 9 must agree to accept the case.

balanced budget

the governments tax and other revenues for the year are roughly equal to its expenditures

budget deficit

the government’s expenditures exceed its tax and other revenues.

Laissez-Faire Economics

economic philosophy holding that owners of business should be allowed to make their own decisions w/o government control.

National debt

the total cumulative amount that the U.S government owes to creditors.

Poverty Line

The annual cost of a thrifty food budget for an urban family of four, multiplied by 3 to allow also for the cost of housing, clothes, and other expenses. The families below are considered poor.

Means Testing

applicants for public assistance must demonstrate they are poor in order to be eligible for the assistance

In-Kind Benefits

A gov benefit that is a cash equivalent, such as food stamps or rent vouchers. ensures that recipients use assistance in a specified way.

entitlement programs

any of a number of individual benefit programs, such as social security, that require gov to provide a benefit to any person who meets legal eligibility

Tariffs

the taxes that a country levies on goods shipped into it from other countries

soft power

places emphasis on diplomacy, economic sanctions, and foreign aid as the means of protecting U.S. interests, in contrast with the use of military force.

M.A.D

Any nation will be deterred from launching a full-scale nuclear launching a full-scale nuclear attack on the U.S by the knowledge that even if it destroyed the U.S

Cold War

period after WWII when the US and USSR were NOT engaged in actual combat but were still locked in a state of deep-seated hostility.

name all five wars before 1900

1. american revolution

2. spanish american war

3. mexican american war

4. War of 1812

5. US Civil war

name all the wars of 20th century

1. vietnam war

2. korean war

3. WW1

4. WW2

5. persian gulf war

jobs given out for party loyalty is ______

Patronage

political positions should be based on the ______

merit system

the job of the supreme court is______

judicial review

if you make less than 12,000 a year, you are below_______

poverty line

year over year accumalated expenses is________

national debt

notes from the minority on a supreme court decision is called_______

dissenting opinion

cabinet is ____

17 people

vice president can ____

break a tie on the senate

Speaker of house is

3rd in line to be president

every senator gets ___

six years

president pro temp senate was

homeland security

secratory of state

1st position added

homeland security

last in cabinet

___president in the american revolution

NO

George Washington was

hero

hero in 1812 war was ___

andrew jackson

mexican american war president was ____

Polk

mexican american war brings in

california

US Civil war

lincoln was pres, grant was hero, 650 k deaths

6 inventions in US CIVIL WAR

torpedos and subs

aerial survaillance and aerial bombarment

machine gun and mustard gas

teddy roosevelt

only cornell to become president and got 3 territories (cuba, phillapines, puerto rico)

WW1

woodrow wilson, 3rd most deaths, 118k deaths, tanks and by plane invented

WW2

franklin d roosevelt, 2nd most deaths, 450k deaths, jet planes and atomic bombs invented

US Civil war

most deaths 650 k deaths

proxy war → Korea war

no treaty, helicopter invented

proxy war → vietnam war

4 presidents, helicopter was used here more

persian gulf war

least deaths, B1 bomber invented

woodrow wilson

100,000

2 dollar bill

thomas J

5 dollar bill

lincoln

20 dollar bill

andrew jackson

50 dollar bill

ulysses s. grant

penny cent

lincoln

nickel cent

jefferson

dime cent

FDR

Quarter cent

GW

½ dollar cent

JFK

100 cent

susan b anthony