AP world

Indian Ocean Trade

A trading network that was safer than the Silk Road, but had dangers like piracy. Utilized monsoon patterns and larger ships for bulk goods.

Calicut

A significant city on the west coast of India that became a thriving center of trade in the Indian Ocean.

Luxury Goods

High-demand specialized products in Indian Ocean trade, including cotton, carpets, steel, and spices.

Monsoon Winds

Seasonal winds that traders in the Indian Ocean utilized to time their voyages effectively.

Technological Developments

Advances such as the triangular lateen sails and stern rudder that enhanced maritime navigation.

Diaspora

Settlements of people who moved from their homeland, often seen among merchants in Indian Ocean port cities.

Sailing Technology

Innovations like dhows and astrolabes that facilitated navigation and expanded the Indian Ocean trade network.

Swahili City-States

Cities along the East African coast that emerged from Indian Ocean trade, thriving on exotic exports and imports.

Bubonic Plague

Disease transmitted along trade routes, significantly impacting urban populations and labor forces.

Labor Shortage Effects

Resulted from the bubonic plague, allowing workers higher wages and leading to revolts against serfdom.

Tokugawa Japan

A period marked by significant political consolidation and adaptation of foreign elements from China.

Absolutism

A political doctrine where a single sovereign ruler holds complete power, prevalent in Europe from 1600-1800.

European Exploration Motives

Driven by the desire for wealth, religious expansion, and competition among European states.

Triangle Trade

A transatlantic trade system involving the exchange of goods, slaves, and raw materials between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Mercantilism

An economic theory where nations sought to increase wealth through trade and colonization.

Indentured Servitude

A labor system where individuals worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America.

New Economic Policy

Deng Xiaoping's initiative in China transitioning from severe communist policies to more market-friendly reforms.

Totalitarianism

A political system where the state holds total authority over society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life.

Communism

A political and economic ideology advocating for class war, leading to a society where property is publicly owned.

Cold War

Political tension and military rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union following World War II, characterized by proxy wars and nuclear arms race.

Nuclear Arms Race

Competition between the US and USSR to develop and stockpile nuclear weapons during the Cold War.

Berlin Airlift

The US and UK's operation to supply West Berlin with food and fuel after the Soviet blockade in 1948.

Genocide

The systematic extermination of a particular race or group, exemplified by actions like the Holocaust.

Mandate System

An authorization from the League of Nations to govern a territory after WWI.

Decolonization

The process through which colonies gained independence from imperial powers in the mid-20th century.

Vietnam War

A conflict where communist North Vietnam fought against South Vietnam and its ally, the US, ultimately leading to the unification of Vietnam under communist rule.