Gen Bio Reviewer

Robert Brown

Discovered Nucleus

Robert Hooke

Cell discovery in a thin slice of cork; father of Cytology

Theodore Schwann

All animals are composed of cells

Walther Flemming

Steps involved in cell division

Jan Evangelista Purkinje

Thick, jelly-like protoplasm

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

First single-lens microscope; Father of microbiology/microscope; discovered animalcules

Matthias Schleiden

All plants are composed of cells

Hermann Fol

Union of egg and sperm cells

Ernst Ruska

First electron microscope

Rudolf Virchow

All living cells come from pre-existing living cells

Louis Pasteur

Microorganisms can cause contagious diseases

Felix Dujardin

Internal, jelly-like substance "sarcode"

Microscope

Biologist use this as their chief investigation tool

Cells

Are the building blocks of life

Organelles

Cell structures that perform these specific functions. Are like machines in a factory, each with a specific role.

•cytoplasm
•nucleus
•cell membrane

Fundamental parts of cell

Cytoplasm

Where the main metabolic life activities takes place

Cell membrane

Surrounds the cytoplasm

Nucleus

Where the genetic material stored

Ribosomes

Protein synthesis

Rough ER

Synthesis of membrane lipids and proteins, secretory proteins, and hydrolytic enzymes; formation of transport vesicles

Smooth ER

Lipid synthesis; detoxification in liver cells

Lysosomes

Digestion of ingested food, bacteria, and a cell's damaged organelles and macromolecules for recycling; suicide bag

Vacuoles

Digestion; storage of chemicals; cell enlargement; water balance

Peroxisomes

Diverse metabolic processes, with breakdown of H²O² by-product

Mitochondria

conversion of chemical energy of food to chemical energy of ATP; powerhouse of cell

Chloroplast

Conversation of light energy to chemical energy of sugars

Centrioles

Helpers in cell division

Cytoskeleton

Structural support; movement; road for transportation; framework of cell

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance that holds the cell organelles in place; site of many chemical reactions

Cell membrane

Separates cell from outside; controls what enters and leaves the cell; recognizes signals from other cells

Cell wall

Nonliving permeable wall that surrounds the cell membrane; encloses and supports the cell

Prokaryotic cells

Contains nuclear materials not enclosed by a nuclear membrane; doesn't have a true nucleus

Eukaryotic cells

Contain nuclear materials enclosed by a nuclear membrane; true nucleus

Nucleus

DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis; assembly of ribosomes

Tissues

group of cells, have the same functions as cell; are specialized, and their structure enables them to perform a specific task

Organs

tissues group together

Organ system

group of organs as one

Organisms

group of organ system

White blood cells

Most number of lysosomes

Muscular tissues

have cells with the most mitochondria

Nervous tissue

type of tissue would make up the majority of the brain and spinal cord

Epithelial tissue

type of tissue that would be found in the epidermis; Structure through which the tissue is found

Connective tissue

type of tissue would form ligaments, tendons, fat and bone

Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue

type of tissue would be found in the blood vessels and respiratory tract; air sacs of the lung, blood vessels, heart

Epithelial Tissue

also called the epithelium, occur as sheets of tightly packed cells that cover body surfaces and line internal organs and cavities.

Basal Lamina

The apical (basal) surface of an epithelium is attached to the _

Connective Tissue

helps protect, support, and bind organs and other tissues.

Muscular Tissues

helps cause movement and change in the shape of some body parts

Nervous Tissue

senses stimuli and transmits signals called nerve impulses.

Simple Epithelium

Has a single layer of cells

Stratified Epithelium

Has multiple layers

Pseudostratified epithelium

Single layered but appears stratified because the cells vary in length

Squamous epithelial tissues

Have flat cells like floor tiles.

Columnar epithelial tissue

Have brick like cells on end

Cuboidal Epithelial Tissues

Have cube cells like dice; Kidney tubules, glands, surface of ovary

Golgi body

Modification and transport of macromolecules; formation of lysosomes and transport vesicles

Plastids

membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants; colored pigments

Chromoplast

Colored plastid

Chloroplast

Green Plastid

Leucoplast

White/colorless plastid

•cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life
•All organisms are made up of cells
•Cells come from pre-existing cells

3 basic cell theory

Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue

Skin; Vagina; Esophagus; Mouth

Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue

Usually lined up with microvilli, type of cell modification that helps in increasing the surface area for absorption; Digestive track, gall bladder, excretory ducts of some glands.

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial Tissue

Type of tissue usually lined with cilia, type of cell modification that sweeps the mucus; Bronchi, trachea, uterine tubes, some portions of the uterus

Loose Areolar Connective Tissue

Soft and pliable tissue that acts as packing and binding material throughout the body; Skin, organs, glands, blood vessels, peripheral nerves

Fibrous Connective Tissue

Linkage of muscles and bones; Tendons and ligaments

Adipose Tissue

Stores fat as food reserve , pads and insulates the body, protects the skin and other organs, and stores energy; Parts with fat storage

Cartilage

Consists of chondrocytes that form a strong but flexible skeletal material; ends of bones, respiratory tract, sutures, ear, nose, epiglottis, intervertebral discs

Supportive Tissue

Consists of osteoblast that form a matrix of collagen fibers embedded in calcium salts; Bones

Vascular Tissue

Consists of liquid extracellular matrix called plasma and formed elements, functions to transport substances from one part of the body to another and in immunity; Blood

Dendrite

Conveys signals from its tip toward the rest of the neuron

Axon

Transmit signals toward another neuron or to a muscle cell

Cardiac Muscle

Striated, involuntary muscle; Heart muscle

Smooth Muscle

Not striated, involuntary muscle; Walls of digestive tract, respiratory passages, urinary and genital organs, blood vessels

Skeletal Muscle

Striated, voluntary muscle; Muscles attached to the bones

Multicellular

Many celled

Unicellular

One celled

microscopy

The procedure to use microscope; technical field in using microscope to view samples

•protozoa
•protists

2 types of eukaryotes or prokaryote🥲

Robert Remak

Hardening of the cell membrane

Cytology

Study of the cells

cellula

Tiny boxes