motions and axial muscles

flexion

making the angle of the joint smaller, decreasing the angle

extension

making the angle larger, straightening of the joint

hyperextension

extending joints more than typical range of motion

abduction

moving away from the body

adduction

moving closer towards the body,

Spreading/not spreading fingers

elevating

pushing up, seen mostly in the jaw and shoulders

depressing

pushing down, seen mostly in the jaw and shoulders

protraction

pushing outwards

retraction

pulling inwards

circumduction

circular movements in either direction

internal rotation (medial)

pivoting inwards

external rotation (lateral)

pivoting outwards

supination

facing up

pronation

facing down

Deviation (excursion)

sliding jaw side to side and bringing it back to the middle

dorsiflexion

toes are pointed up/towards you

plantar flexion

toes are pointed down

Inversion

bottom of the feet pointing towards each other

eversion

bottom of feet pointing away from each other

what muscle group is the frontalis in

facial expression MM

what muscle group is the orbicularis oculi

facial expression MM

what muscle group is the orbicular Oris in

facial expression MM

what muscle group is zygomaticus minor

facial expressions MM

What muscle group is zygomaticus major in

facial expressions MM

what muscle group is risorius in

facial expressions MM

what muscle group is buccinator in

facial expressions MM

what is the frontalis

muscle that runs along the frontal bone and allows you to raise your eyebrows

what is the orbicularis oculi

the circular muscles around your eyes

what is the orbicular Oris

circular muscles around mouth

what is the zygomaticus minor

muscle that runs ABOVE the zygomaticus major and controls elevation of cheeks and jaw

what is the zygomaticus major

muscle that runs UNDERNEATH the zygomaticus minor and also controls elevation of cheeks and jaw

what is the risorius

runs below the zygomaticus, pulls at corners of mouth

what is the buccinator

muscle that assists in chewing

what muscle group is the temporalis in

mandible MM

What muscle group is the masseter in

mandible MM

what muscle group is the lateral pterygoid in

mandible MM

what muscle group is the medial pterygoid in

mandible MM

what is the temporalis

muscle that runs along the temple bones and controls elevation and retraction of the jaw

what is the masseter

the biggest mandible muscle that runs along the jaw

what is the lateral pterygoid

deviates (excurses) the jaw side to side, outside muscle

what is the medial pterygoid

deviates (excurses) the jaw side to side, inside muscle

what muscle group is the styloglossus in

tongue MM

what muscle group is the genioglossus in

tongue MM

what muscle group is hyoglossus

tongue MM

what is the styloglossus

muscle that attaches tongue to back of skull at the styloid process

what is the genioglossus

under the tongue, runs horizontally

what is the hyoglossus

under the tongue and runs vertically

what muscle group is the inferior pharyngeal constrictor in

hyoid and pharyngeal MM

What muscle group is the medial pharyngeal constrictor in

hyoid and pharyngeal MM

what muscle group is the superior pharyngeal constrictor in

hyoid and pharyngeal MM

what is the function of hyoid and pharyngeal muscles

tube-like muscles that run along the pharynx that helps in swallowing and movement along passageways

what muscle group is the sternocleidomastoid in

gross head positioning MM

What muscle group is the trapezius in

gross head positioning MM

what is the sternocleidomastoid

attaches inferiorly to the sternum and clavicle, does a lot of head movements

What is the trapezius

movement of the neck, runs on the outside and goes a little bit onto the top of the shoulder

what muscle group are internal intercostals in

respiration MM

What muscle group are external intercostals inn

respiration MM

what muscle group is the diaphragm in

respiration MM

what are internal intercostal muscles

Muscle in between the ribs, depresses the ribs and causes forceful exhalation

what are external intercostal muscles

muscle in between ribs that elevates the ribcage allowing for inhalation

what is the diaphragm

does not look like a muscle, but it is, it is a very thin muscle that pulls down on our lungs allowing us to inhale and exhale. Sits right below the lungs

what muscle group are the transverse abdominals in

abdominal MM

what muscle group are internal abdominal obliques in

abdominal MM

What muscle group are external abdominal obliques in

abdominal MM

what muscle group is the rectus abdominis in

abdominal MM

What is the transverse abdominal

deeper and are going to be on the underside, runs side to side

what is the internal abdominal obliques

sides of lower abdomen, deeper layer, fibers are slanted downward and diagonally

what are external abdominal obliques

sides of lower abdomen, more superficial layer, fibers run slanted upwards and diagonally

what is the rectus abdominis

typical idea of abs, running straight up and down

what are the functions of abdominal muscles

Functions include flexion of torso, rotation of torso, forceful exhale, etc.

what nerves supply the pelvic MM

lumbar and sacral spinal nerves

what nerves supplies facial expressions MM

cranial nerve 7: facial nerve

what nerve supplies the mandible MM

cranial nerve V3- mandibular nerve

what nerve supplies sensation for the face

trigeminal nerve

which nerve supplies the tongue MM

hypoglossal nerve

what nerve supplies the hyoid and pharyngeal MM

glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve

what nerve supplies the gross head positioning MM

accessory nerve

what nerve supplies the respiration MM

thoracic spinal nerves

what nerve supplies the diaphragm

phrenic nerve

what nerves supply the abdominal MM

T-7 through L-1