1 - Reconstruction

Social Studies Final Review

Black Codes

Set limits on the rights of African Americans. African Americans could only work on farms, could not vote, own a weapon, and serve on a jury.

13^th Amendment

Abolished Slavery (FREE)

14^th Amendment

Gave full citizenship to all former slaves (CITIZENS)

15^th Amendment

Right to vote for African American males (VOTE)

Freedmen’s Bureau

The government agency that gave food and medicine to blacks and whites in the South. Educated former slaves.

Tenant Farmers

People who pay rent for the use of land on which they grow crops

Sharecroppers

a system where tenant farmers pay a part of their crop as rent, rather than using cash.

Radical Republicans

A group of republicans who demanded that the south meet stricter requirements to came back to the union.

Abolitionist

People who wanted an end to slavery

KKK

Ku Klux Klan. A white hate group who terrorized African Americans

Segregation

The forced separation of races in public places and housing

Impeach of Johnson

Johnson was charged with violating the Office of Tenure Act by firing the Secretary of War. Found not guilty, but he lost power as president

Lincoln/ Johnson Plan: Soft Reconstruction

• Written a new state constitution

• elected a new govt.

• repealed its act of secession

• canceled war debts

• ratify the 13^th Amendment

• re-admit state after 10% took oath of allegiance

• emphasis was on forgiveness

Radical Reconstruction: Hard Reconstruction

• Adopt a constitution guaranteeing all male citizens the right to vote

• elect a new govt.

• 13^th, 14^th, and 15^th Amendments

• white southerners who were Confederate soldiers could not vote for the state constitutions

• Punish the South

• create black equality

Failure of Reconstruction

1. white terrorism

1. Amnesty Act 1872 (forgiveness)- allowed southern confederates to run for office

2. Compromise 1877 (election 1876)

3. Neither candidate had enough votes, congress allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to be president if he removed all troops from the South

Evidence of The Failure

The Compromise of 1877 resulted from the election of 1876, Tilden vs. Hayes

Tilden and Hayes both ran for president

No president was voted in because democrats cried foul because there must be a clear winner to be president

Hayes and Congress made a deal

Hayes had to give money to South to rebuild and nominate one of Tilden’s men to the cabinet; he would have to pull military out of South

Jim Crow Laws

Segregation laws passed in the South after Reconstruction

Literacy Test

A test given to former slaves to see if they could read and write in order to vote

Poll Tax

A tax put on the poll in order to vote. A way to deter the freed slaves from voting

Grandfather Clause

Allowed white southerners to vote even if they could not read and write or pay the poll tax. Stated that the voting laws did not apply to anyone whose father or grandfather voted before Jan. 1, 1867

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Ruled that segregation laws do not violate the 14th amendment.

Plessy was arrested for riding in a white railroad car