Visual Literacy Final Exam

Romanticism

an art movement whose works were marked by intense colors, turbulent emotions, complex composition, soft outlines, and sometimes heroic or exotic subject matter

Realism

art in which the goal is to portray forms in the natural world in a highly faithful manner

Impressionism

art movement that emphasized an accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities, ordinary subject matter, unusual visual angles, and inclusion of movement

Post-Impressionism

art movement that moved artists to create individualistic style

Expressionism

art movement that claimed the right to distort visual appearances to express psychological or emotional states, especially the artists' own feelings

Cubism

art movement developed by Picasso and George Braque that abstracts the forms of the visible world into fragments or facets drawn from multiple points of view

Abstract Expressionism

an American art movement of the mid-20th century, characterized by large scale and nonrepresentational imagery

Assemblage (combine)

the technique of creating a sculpture by grouping or piecing together distinct elements, as opposed to casting, molding, or carving

Happenings

an event staged or directed by artists and offered as art

Pop Art

an art style of the 1960s, deriving its imagery from popular, mass-produced culture

Minimalism

a broad tendency during the 60s and 70s toward simple, primary forms

Appropriation

a postmodern practice in which one artist reproduces an image created by another artist and claims it as their own

The Starry Night

Vincent Van Gogh, 1889

Dinner Party

Judy Chicago, 1979

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Pablo Picasso, 1907

Aspects of Negro Life: From Slavery through Reconstruction

Aaron Douglas, 1934

Number 1

Jackson Pollock, 1949

Orange and Yellow

Mark Rothko, 1956

Winter Pool

Robert Rauschenberg, 1959

Blam

Roy Lichtenstein, 1962

One and Three Chairs

Joseph Kosuth, 1965

Darkytown Rebellion

Kara Walker, 2001

Architecture

the category of art that we live with the most; satisfies a basic, universal human need for a roof over one's head

Lascuax Cave

architecture example; cave in France where over 600 prehistoric paintings were discovered (15,000-13,000 BC)

Pyramids of Giza

architecture example; The three pyramids near Giza that were Built by Khufu, Cheops, and Cheops' son. Their the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now Cairo, Egypt, and is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Parthenon

architecture example; A large temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. It was built in the 5th century BCE, during the Athenian golden age.

Panthenon

architecture example; A large, domed temple built in ancient Rome to honor many gods and goddesses.

Colosseum

architecture example; A large stadium in ancient Rome where athletic events took place

Palace of Versailles

architecture example; a palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles

Chartres Cathedral

architecture example; Finest example of French-Gothic architecture

University of Cathedral

architecture example; Gothic Revival skyscraper that's a landmark listed in the National Register of Historic Places and houses humanities departments

University of Chicago's Mansueto Library

architecture example; striking architectural design, including a soaring elliptical glass dome.

Structural Systems

provide basic framework and transport system for the body: Load-Bearing Construction + Post-and-Lintel Construction

Load-Bearing Construction

one of the basic ways to construct, where rows of loads are piled on top of others to build the walls

Post-and-Lintel Construction

a fundamental way of building by means of having vertical beams (posts) stabilized by horizontal beams (lintels) on top

Arch

a structure that evenly distributes the weight of the top, reliving stress a the point the vertical meets the horizon

Vault

roof support: Groin Vault, Barrel Vault, + Dome

Groin Valut

the creation of two barrel vaults that are crossed in the center at a right angle. Groin vaults are made from stone or brick. These vaults were first used in Europe and were later adopted by the Romans, the Byzantine, and Islamic people.

Barrel Vault

a vault forming a half cylinder

Dome

a rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base.

Prehistoric

the period before written documentation

Classical

in connection with western civilization refers to ancient Greece and ancient Rome

Renaissance

the revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture

Humanism

the stance which affirms that human beings have the right ad responsibility to give meanings and shape to their own lives

Triptych

a work of art (usually a panel painting) that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels

Mannerism

late Renaissance trend that suggests certain painters practiced an art of grace and sophistication

Sofonisba Anguissola

first woman artist known to have achieved celebrity among her contemporaries

Baroque

art full of emotion, energy, and movement

Assyrian, from Nimrud

Human-Headed Winged Lion

Polykleitos

Spear Bearer (Doryphorus)

Leonardo di Vinci

Mona Lisa

Leonardo di Vinci

The Last Supper

Michelangelo

David

Michelangelo

Sistine Chapel ceiling

Raphael

School of Athens

Sofonisba Anguissola

Self-portrait at the easel

Tintoretto

The Last Supper (not da Vinci's)

Carravaggio

Entombment of Christ

Rembrandt

Self-Portrait

Rembrandt

Sortie of Captain Banning Cocq's Company of the Civic Guard (The Night Watch)

Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun

Marie Antoinette and Her Children

John Singleton Copley

Paul Revere

form

all visual aspects of art

style

appearance of art which includes the particular manner of presentation; types include representational, stylized, abstract, and nonrepresentational

composition

how elements are arranged in a work

content

an idea communicated through the form; comprises of the subject matter; includes the subject and message; some themes include religious, political, daily life, portrait, nature, and fantasy

representational style

naturalistic; when the figures and objects are close to life

stylized style

any time the work seems more or less close to life, but fails to meet all of the representational criteria

abstract style

art where the forms are distorted, but one can still identify the images

nonrepresentational style

art made up of geometric shapes or lines and you cannot identify any forms such as figures or objects in it

religious theme

art that deals with religion or the sacred (gods/divine); made to worship, bring respect, or teach about

political theme

any art that deals with political or social event or issues

daily life theme

everyday life scene

portrait theme

focuses on a person (or people)

nature theme

usually about beauty of nature

fantasy theme

dream-like and deals with made-up figures and out-of-this-world experience

line

a path traced by a moving point; outline, contour, and implied line

outline

a line that shows or creates the outer edges of a shape

contour

describe the shape of the object; include the interior details

implied line

a line not actually drawn but suggested by elements in the work

direction and movement

a lead through an image

shape

a two-dimensional shape and any two-dimensional image

implied shape

what our mind perceives the visual information as a whole, even though the whole does not exist

mass

a three-dimensional form that occupies a volume of a space

actual texture

tactile, a quality we can experience through touch

visual texture

texture that is seen, but cannot be felt

space

interacts with the lines, shapes, colors, and textures of an artwork that give it definition

three-dimensional space

three-dimensional artwork that stands in the actual space which our bodies stand

implied space

suggests depth in two dimensions

linear perspective

forms diminishing in size as they recede from parallel lines receding to a vanishing point on a horizon line

foreshortening

the visual phenomena whereby an elongated object projecting toward or away from a viewer appears shorter than its actual length

atmospheric perspective

when distant objects appear less distinct, paler, and bluer than nearby objects

isometric perspective

use of diagonal lines to convey recession without parallel lines converging

time and motion

signs that remind us of motion or the passage of time

color

hue; element of art that is produced by light

color theory

the study of white light separated into spectral colors by a prism and colors of the visible spectrum

color properties

color, value, and intensity

hue

the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth

value

The lightness or darkness of a color

intensity

The brightness or dullness of a color