Chapter 10: Gases

Flashcards reviewing the properties, laws, and behavior of gases.

List three physical properties of gases.

Gases expand to fill their containers, are highly compressible, and have extremely low densities.

What is atmospheric pressure?

The weight of air per unit of area.

What is the SI unit of pressure?

Pascal (Pa)

What is standard atmospheric pressure in atm?

1 atm

Name four variables that define the state of a gas.

Temperature, pressure, volume, and amount of gas (moles).

What is Boyle's Law?

The volume of a fixed quantity of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure.

What is Charles's Law?

The volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

What is Avogadro's Law?

The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas.

What is the Ideal-Gas Equation?

PV = nRT

What is STP?

Standard Temperature and Pressure (0 degrees Celsius and 1 atm).

What is the volume of one mole of an ideal gas at STP?

22.4 L

What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state?

The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone.

What is the Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases?

Gases consist of large numbers of molecules that are in continuous, random motion. The combined volume of gas molecules is negligible. Attractive and repulsive forces between gas molecules are negligible. Energy can be transferred during collisions, but the average kinetic energy remains constant at a constant temperature. The average kinetic energy of the molecules is proportional to the absolute temperature.

What is effusion?

The escape of gas molecules through a tiny hole into an evacuated space.

What is diffusion?

The spread of one substance throughout a space or a second substance.

Under what conditions do real gases deviate from ideal behavior?

At relatively high pressure and low temperature.