MSSU Semester 2 STUDY GUIDE

primary source

a source written by a participant in or witness to the events being described.

secondary source

a source written by an author using a variety of primary sources.

Thesis

the main point that the author wishes to prove to the reader, one that must be supported by evidence.

historians

these people look at: historical thinking, evidence-based reasoning, and the need to know beyond, they use PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES (all above are correct)

plagiarism

“all above are correct”

change over time

5 C: great students of history seek to find things changed from one idea or understanding to another over a period of time. think about areas in your hometown today that have changed just in your lifetime.

Context

5 C: seeking to find the blank in which an event occurred or a statement was ade. meanings change over time. to be honest with the past, we must set our current opinions and understandings aside, and listen to the past within it’s own setting. THE PAST IS A FOREIGN COUNTRY.

Casuation (Cause and Effect)

5C: they search for an understanding of how one event may have influenced another event. by understanding this, they are then able to understand why key individuals acted in the way they did.

Contingency

5C: great students of history also understanding that there are some things that simply cannot be explained outside of mankind using its free will to determine its own destiny. choices are msfde the do not follow logic, or solid causality.

Complexity

5C: great students do not ignore the difficulty of the past. Thomas Jefferson writing that all mean are created equal in the DOI but he owned slaves.

change over time, complexity, contingency, causation, context

what are all the 5 historical cs.

rapid industrialization, need for large corporations, urbanization, individualistic values.

what were the key factors in the rise of the gilded age. the growth of industrialism.

social darwinism

the application of Darwins theories of natural selection to human society. “survival of the fittest” and evolution. created by Herbert Spencer.

solid south

the politically united southern states of America traditionally giving unwavering electoral support to the Democratic Party. gave democrat most of its power in congress. reps held great control of south then slowly transitioned into being democratic

opportunity for free land through Homestead Act, economic prosperity through mining, and railroads transportation

people migrated to the west after the 70s because…

90

11. What percentage of workers on the transcontinental railroad were Chinese laborers? 

relocate them to reservations and enforce assimilation into white society

12. What did William Tecumseh Sherman believe should happen to the Native Americans?

southern to Eastern Europe

13. Where were new immigrants to the US mostly from in the 1880s?

Samuel Gompers

a labor union leader who worked to improve conditions in the factories. Found the AFL (American federation of labor) worked for pure and simple unionism focusing on higher wages, better conditions, shorter hours,

manage the household, raise children, maintain social status, teachers

15. What roles did most middle-class women have during the 1800s? 

high tariffs and low prices on crops, railroads occupied land, high rates on loans

16. Why were farmers unhappy in the late 19^th century? 

National Women Suffrage Association

this organization secured women’s right to vote through a federal constitutional amendment. Also advocated for women’s other rights like property rights, marriage equality, divorce laws, etc.

Elizabeth Cady Stantion and Susan B Anthony

who were two powerful people in the NWSA

manifest destiny, economic pressure, desire for new markets, preserve American spirit

Why did people advocate for US expansion in the 1890s?

progressives

diverse group of reformers who flourished during the progressive era. sought to address society issues like poverty corruption and inequality. they believed in gov intervention to improve the lives of individuals and society as a whole. many urban dwellers.

advocated social welfare, child labor laws, reduce patronage, regulate monopolies, economy efforts, etc.

what did the progressives do?

wanted gov to regulate them, not destroy. used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop bad trusts in unfair prices.

20. How did Theodore Roosevelt want to deal with trusts? 

Jim Crow laws

these were designed to enforce racial segregation and disenfranchise African Americans. Schools, churches, etc.

declare us neutral

22. What was Wilson’s initial reaction to the outbreak of WW1? 

19th, 1920

23. What amendment gave women the right to vote? In what year? 

germany accept blame for ww1, pay large fees, eye territory to countries, reduce its military, and establish League of Nations

24. What did the allies demand in the Treaty of Versailles? 

harlem renaissance

a period of great artistic, literary, and intellectual achievement by African Americans. primarily in NYC’s Harlem neighborhood in the 20s.

urban: modern progressive ideas. rural: traditional, religious values.

26. Why was there tension between rural America and urban America during the 1920s? 

stock market crash of 1929, overproduction of goods, rising tariffs, excessive borrowing

what caused the Great Depression

New deal

a series of economic and social programs implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s to combat the effects of the Great Depression. These programs aimed to provide relief for the unemployed and poor, encourage economic recovery, and implement reforms to prevent future economic crises

germany, italy, japan

29. Where did the tide of fascism, militarism, and nationalism rise the most on the eve of WW2? (three countries)

Japan attack on Pearl Harbor

0. What caused America to enter WW2?

economy after ww2

experienced a major boom, emerging as a global superpower with a thriving economy. This was largely due to the fact that unlike many European and Asian nations, the US had not been devastated by the war and was able to recover from the Great Depression. Several factors contributed to this economic surge, including increased consumer demand, a housing boom,

Cold War

a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies from 1947 to 1991, characterized by a struggle for global influence and supremacy without direct military conflict. This rivalry manifested in various forms, including the arms race, proxy wars, the Space Race, espionage, and ideological competition

marshall plan

US initiative to provide economic aid to Western Europe after World War II. It aimed to prevent the spread of communism, stimulate economic recovery, and foster trade. The plan, named after US Secretary of State George Marshall,offered substantial grants and loans to help rebuild infrastructure, stimulate industry, and improve agricultural production. 

symbiotic relationship between military, defense, and political institutions. warned that it increased military spending and threatened democracy

34. What was the military-industrial complex according to President Eisenhower? 

booming economy, increased advertising, rise of suburbanization

35. What inspired consumerism in the 1950s? 

separate but equal doctrine

36. What did Brown v Board of Education overturn? 

declared racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional

health insurance for Americans 65+ and disabled

37. What did the Medicare Program provide? 

the constant pressure from civil rights movement, march on Washington, Luther, Birmingham protest!

38. What was the most important factor in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? 

stagflation

an economic state where inflation is high, economic growth is slow, and unemployment is also high. It's a situation that defies traditional economic models, which typically show inflation and unemployment moving in opposite directions

brought the world close to nuclear war between US and SU during Cold War

40. What is significant about the Cuban Missile Crisis? 

the power to use military force in Vietnam without a formal declaration of war

41. What did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorize? president Lyndon Johnson-” to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attacked against the US and prevent aggression in Southeast Asia.”

increase trade and cooperation with SU with Nixon administration. hold meetings, be civil.

42. What was the US policy of dente? 

belief in free markets, low taxes, reduction of gov regulation!

43. What economic beliefs fueled the rise of the conservative movement in the late 1970s?

The discovery that Nixon campaign workers had broken into and bugged Democratic party headquarters in Washington

44. What triggered the Watergate investigation?

reduce taxes, cut gov spending, balance fed budget. encourage private investment, employment through tax cuts.

45. Describe Reagan’s initial strategy to fix the US economy in the 1980s. 
“reganomics”

Operation Desert Storm

the codename for the ground invasion phase of the Persian Gulf War, a U.S.-led coalition effort to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation. It followed a 42-day aerial bombing campaign and aimed to push Iraqi forces out of Kuwait. 

his charisma, connections, appearance, strong economic policies, long period of prosperity with him.

47. Why were many people against the impeachment of President Clinton? 

the winner of the Electoral College (George W. Bush) was not the winner of the popular vote (Al Gore)

48. What was significant about the 2000 presidential election? 

they eventually recounted and awarded Bush the presidency.

9/11

what transpired on September 11, 2001

first African American president, Obama

50. What is significant about the 2008 presidential election?

example for change over time

example is the gilded age. It originally started in 1870-1900s. It transitioned from an agriculture economy to an industrial one. This shift was driven by the rapid growth of factories and industries, leading to increased urbanization as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of work. Telephone and Lightbulb evolved. New class of workers, business owners, etc.

example for complexity

The Little Rock Nine going to Little Rock Central Highschool in 1957 after the brown v. board of education was overturned was complex. While racism was overturned legally in schools, teachers students and other administration gave violent backlash. Shows the complex struggle for reaching equality.

example for context

example for this would be the Great Depression. the stock market crashed in 1929, weak banks, overproduction of goods with decline in prices, unemployment, poverty was what is was like for Americans during the Great Depression. the Great Depression had lack of an effective gov and was a spiral for America.

example for contingency

good example for this is wounded knee massacre. in 1890, sitting bull attempted to attempted to join the ghost dance but he was killed as soldiers tried to arrest him. his people fled and were eventually cornered around wounded knee creek in South Dakota. when they refused to surrender their guns, an unknown shot went off causing the us soldiers to open fire. 200 people died. it is unclear who shot the gun, “random guns going off and to this day it’s unknown who started it”

example for causation

civil rights act of 1964 was enacted becaused by the civil rights movement. the civil rights movement happened because of the briminghamm protests of 1963 where police brutality against peaceful demonstrators shocked the nation. march on Washington to advocate for rights, Rosa Parks.

most impactful thing

was learning about Hitler. never fully understood why people followed him after doing and saying all these crazy things. but when we looked more into what he said about how he will make germany powerful again and how he was so charismatic when he talked (like the video you showed us of him talking in English) made me understand why people trusted him. it offered me another view point of what people were truly thinking in that time.