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What defines a polar molecule?
A molecule is polar if it has an uneven distribution of electrons, creating partial positive and negative charges.
How is bond polarity determined?
Bond polarity is determined by the difference in electronegativity between two atoms.
What is the electronegativity difference range for nonpolar covalent bonds?
Nonpolar covalent bonds occur with an electronegativity difference of 0 to 0.4.
What happens to molecular polarity in asymmetrical shapes?
Asymmetrical shapes often lead to polar molecules.
What shape does a molecular geometry with a steric number of 2 have?
Linear shape.
What bond angle is associated with a trigonal planar molecular geometry?
120° bond angle.
What is the bond angle for a tetrahedral shape?
109.5° bond angle.
How do lone pairs affect bond angles in molecular geometry?
Lone pairs occupy more space than bonding pairs, causing bond angles to shrink.
What is the first step to find the steric number of a molecule?
Count the number of bonded atoms to the central atom.
What is an example of a molecule with a tetrahedral shape?
Methane (CH₄) is an example of a tetrahedral shape.
What type of molecular shape does ammonia (NH₃) have?
Ammonia has a trigonal pyramidal shape.
Define a polyatomic ion.
A polyatomic ion is an ion composed of two or more covalently bonded atoms.
What is the polyatomic ion for ammonium?
NH₄⁺ is the polyatomic ion for ammonium.
What does the VSEPR theory explain?
VSEPR theory predicts the shape of molecules based on electron pair repulsion.
Why are lone pairs significant in molecular geometry?
Lone pairs impact shape by repelling bonded atoms and are found only on the central atom in calculations.
Why is it important to draw Lewis structures?
Drawing Lewis structures ensures accurate shape prediction and identification of lone pairs.
What is the bond angle associated with linear molecular geometry?
The bond angle for linear molecular geometry is 180°.
What is the bond angle associated with trigonal planar molecular geometry?
The bond angle for trigonal planar molecular geometry is 120°.
What is the bond angle for tetrahedral molecular geometry?
The bond angle for tetrahedral molecular geometry is 109.5°.
What is the bond angle for trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry?
The bond angle for trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry is approximately 107° due to lone pair repulsion.
What is the bond angle for bent molecular geometry?
The bond angle for bent molecular geometry is approximately 104.5° due to lone pair repulsion.
What are the five basic molecular shapes?
The five basic molecular shapes are linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, and bent.
What kind of shape is a linear molecular shape?
Linear molecular shape occurs when the central atom has two bonded atoms and no lone pairs.
What kind of shape is a trigonal planar molecular shape?
Trigonal planar molecular shape occurs when the central atom has three bonded atoms and no lone pairs.
What kind of shape is a tetrahedral molecular shape?
Tetrahedral molecular shape occurs when the central atom has four bonded atoms and no lone pairs.
What kind of shape is a trigonal pyramidal molecular shape?
Trigonal pyramidal molecular shape occurs when the central atom has three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
What kind of shape is a bent molecular shape?
Bent molecular shape occurs when the central atom has two bonded atoms and one or more lone pairs.
