World Foods Exam (week 1-4)

Early food habits were derived from what was available in the __________ environment, and __________ was the driving force for what was eaten.

near; survival

Hunter/gatherers were restricted to local __________ and prey animals.

plants

Civilizations with access to fresh or salt water often developed dietary patterns in which __________ played a prominent role.

fish

Evidence of shellfish use as human food dates back about __________ years in southern Africa.

127,000

Civilizations around temperate __________ valleys flourished because they could grow cereal and vegetable crops.

River

Domesticated animals could feed or graze on portions of the __________.

Crops

Around 12,000 BCE, flour from wild grasses is associated with __________.

Egypt

Around 8000 BCE, wheat, barley, and legumes were associated with Syria, __________, and Egypt; sheep were domesticated in the Middle East.

Mesopotamia

Around 6000 BCE, __________ was developed in Mexico, while farming and irrigation were associated with Mesopotamia and China.

Maize

Around 3500 BCE, cattle were used for milking and plowing in __________.

Europe

Wet rice farming is listed for __________ around 500 BCE.

Japan

By 300 BCE, rice was being traded from China to the __________.

Middle East

Coffee was grown and transported from Ethiopia to __________ by about 600 CE.

Yemen

Maize was transported from Mexico to __________ in 1493 CE.

Spain

Chocolate was transported from the New World to __________ around 1520 CE.

Europe

By 1600 CE, potatoes were traded from South America to Europe, Africa, and __________.

India

__________ was a geographic dimension that influenced agricultural land use.

Topography

Extremely steep slopes were most appropriate for raising __________ or sheep.

Goats

Gently rolling or __________ lands were well suited to growing a variety of crops.

flat

Early civilization and agriculture flourished in __________, in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

Mesopotamia

Historians called this rich agricultural region the __________ Crescent.

Fertile

Rice became a staple crop in areas affected by __________, from India to Japan.

Monsoons

__________ became a staple crop in areas receiving moderate amounts of rain.

Wheat

Irrigation systems were developed in Mesopotamia around __________ BCE.

500

The Romans later built __________ to transport water long distances.

aqueducts

__________ is a key determination of crop success; oranges and dates thrived in warm Mediterranean climates.

Temperature

A growing season is the number of days warm enough for active __________.

growth

Corn requires a growing season of at least __________ days to mature.

140

The __________ Road was an important early overland trade route across Asia.

Silk

As empires were conquered, foods and __________ were shared among cultures.

arts

Wheat was traded from the Fertile Crescent to Europe, Scandinavia, and the __________ Isles.

British

Rice originated in __________, spread to India, and reached the Mediterranean and North Africa by 300 BCE.

China

Potatoes originated in western __________ America.

South

Coffee originated in __________; tea originated in northern China; cocoa originated in the New World.

Ethiopia

Two traits that encouraged the spice trade were long shelf-life and high market value per __________ and weight.

volume

Traditional food patterns still influence modern diets, but consumption in developing nations may be limited by population, acceptability, production, distribution, and __________.

economics

U.S. climates range from arctic conditions in __________ to tropical conditions in Florida and Hawaii.

Alaska

The __________ is characterized by flat plains and rolling hills, while the Southwest is arid.

Midwest

Rainfall is generally heavier east of the __________ River.

Mississippi

The Southwest depends heavily on __________ for agriculture.

irrigation

The Midwest is strongly associated with corn, soybeans, oats, wheat, and __________.

livestock

Wisconsin, Michigan, and other northern states are associated with dairy foods—especially __________—and tree fruits.

cheese

California and parts of Arizona use irrigation to produce crops such as avocados, citrus, nuts, rice, strawberries, tomatoes, and __________.

greens of all types

Native diets included berries, nuts, wild game, aquatic foods, and crops such as corn and __________.

squash

__________ is dried meat pounded into powder and mixed with melted fat and berries for preservation.

pemmican

Large-scale harvest of __________ during westward expansion decimated an important Native meat supply.

bison

One food idea adopted from Europeans by some Native groups was __________ bread.

fry

Spanish arrival in the Southwest and Southeast began in the __________ century.

16th

The Pilgrims landed in the Northeast in __________.

1620

Southern plantations relied heavily on enslaved people brought from Africa and the __________.

Caribbean

As the nation grew, immigrants brought traditional recipes and food __________ that became integrated into regional cuisines.

patterns

The four broad regional food areas emphasized are Northeastern, Southern, Midwestern, and __________.

Western

Native contributions to Northeastern foodways included wild turkey, corn, cranberries, and __________ syrup.

maple

A classic Northeastern specialty is Boston __________ chowder.

clam

Southern cuisine was strongly shaped by African, French-Canadian, and Spanish/__________ influences.

Caribbean

Common Southern foods include okra, greens, pork, shrimp, catfish, hominy, grits, and __________.

cornmeal

In Louisiana, __________ cuisine developed from Acadian French immigrants from Nova Scotia.

Cajun

__________ cuisine blended Caribbean, French, African, and Spanish influences.

Creole

British, Scandinavian, German, and some __________ immigrants frequently settled in the Midwest.

Italian

German and Scandinavian settlers contributed traditions of cheeses, sausages, and __________.

beers

Wild __________ was a contribution from Native peoples in the northern lakes region.

rice

Southwestern foods show Spanish/Mexican influence through tortillas used in enchiladas, burritos, and __________.

tacos

The Northwest is especially known for salmon, __________, and other seafood.

halibut

Regional food specialties reflect both locally abundant foods and the __________ of ethnic groups that settled there.

heritage

Food habits usually change gradually through repeated contact and __________ in new food choices.

immersion

Canada stretches from the __________ Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west.

Atlantic

Canada is the __________ largest nation in the world.

2nd

Approximately __________% of Canada's population lives within 100 miles of the southern border.

90%

The northern environment is Arctic-like, while the southern environment is more __________.

temperate

The Maritime Provinces include Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and __________.

Nova Scotia

The eastern region's rolling hills and rocky landscape limit agriculture, but the __________ Ocean provides seafood.

Atlantic

Central Canada is primarily plains and is well suited for crops such as __________ and for livestock production.

wheat

The __________ Mountains dominate western Canada.

Rocky

The __________ Ocean is another important seafood source for western Canada.

Pacific

Various Native peoples ventured to Canada from __________.

Siberia

The Inuit predominantly lived in the __________ region of Canada.

northern

The Viking navigator __________ Erikson sailed from Greenland and reached Labrador near the beginning of the 11th century.

Leif

John Cabot landed along the coast of __________ in 1497.

Labrador

The Great Banks of Newfoundland were known for an abundance of __________ fish.

cod

In 1535, Jacques Cartier sailed up the __________ River as far as Quebec.

St. Lawrence

British explorers sought a __________ Passage to Asia.

Northwest

Henry Hudson discovered Hudson Bay in __________.

1610

The first successful French settlement was established at __________-Royal in 1605.

Port

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded __________ at a strategic narrowing of the St. Lawrence River.

Quebec

The French surrendered their territories to the British in 1759, and they officially

became a English colony in 1763 (Treaty of Paris)

Canadian provincial food patterns reflect the traditions of their early __________.

settlers

__________ is a Scottish quick bread made by early Scottish fishermen in the Maritime Provinces.

Bannock

__________ are fried bread dough.

Toutons

Canadian bacon is described in the lecture as pork cured __________ with less fat than regular bacon.

tenderloin

__________ is a meat pie associated with Canadian food traditions.

Toutiere

__________ is a mixture of French fries and cheese curds smothered in brown gravy.

Poutine

A pork-and-potato version found in the Maritime Provinces is called poutine __________.

rapee

Mexico is part of the __________ American continent.

North

Central America contains __________ nations: Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.

7

Belize lies on the __________ coast and contains the Belize Barrier Reef.

Caribbean

Guatemala includes volcanic highlands and the Peten lowland __________.

rainforest

El Salvador is the __________Central American country and has no Caribbean coastline.

smallest

Honduras has a mountainous interior and Pacific access through the Gulf of __________.

Fonseca

Nicaragua is the __________Central American country and contains large freshwater lakes.

largest

Costa Rica has both Pacific and Caribbean coastlines, and its tropical climate is moderated by __________.

elevation