Units of Measurement for Physical and Chemical Change

Flashcards focused on fundamental concepts, key definitions, measurement units, and properties covered in Chapter 1: Units of Measurement for Physical and Chemical Change.

Chemistry

The science that seeks to understand the properties and behavior of matter by studying the properties and behavior of atoms and molecules.

Physical Change

A change that alters the state or appearance of matter without altering its chemical composition.

Chemical Change

A change that alters the chemical composition of matter, transforming a substance into a different chemical substance.

Physical Property

A property that a substance displays without changing its chemical composition, such as odor, taste, color, appearance, melting point, boiling point, and density.

Chemical Property

A property that a substance displays only by changing its chemical composition via a chemical reaction, such as flammability, corrosiveness, acidity, or toxicity.

Kilogram

The SI base unit of mass, defined as the mass of a metal cylinder kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sèvres, France.

Second

The SI base unit of time, defined as the duration of $9{,}192{,}631{,}770$ periods of the radiation emitted from a specific transition in a cesium-133 atom.

Celsius to Kelvin Conversion Formula

The mathematical relation used to convert a temperature in degrees Celsius ($T_c$) to Kelvin ($T$), given by \frac{T}{\text{K}} = \frac{T_c}{\text{^\bullet C}} + 273.15.

Density

An intensive physical property representing the ratio of a substance's mass to its volume, expressed as $\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$.

Extensive Property

A property of matter that depends on the amount of the substance present, such as length, mass, and volume.

Intensive Property

A property of matter that is independent of the amount of the substance present, such as boiling point, melting point, and density.

Significant Figures

All the digits in a measured quantity, including the estimated last digit, that express the precision and certainty of the measurement.

Exact Numbers

Values with no uncertainty that contain an infinite number of significant figures, such as counted discrete objects, defined quantities, or integral numbers in equations.

Accuracy

A measure of how close a measured value is to the actual or true value.

Precision

A measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducible they are.

Conversion Factor

A fraction derived from defined quantities whose numerator and denominator represent the same quantity in different units, expressed as $\text{conversion factor} = \frac{\text{end point (find) unit}}{\text{given unit}}$.