AP lang terms pg 3

homily

This term literally means “sermon,” but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.

hyperbole

A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. These often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, these produce irony at the same time.

imagery

The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstraction. On a physical level, these terms relate to the five senses and help paint vivid pictures in the reader's mind. On a broader and deeper level, one of these can represent more than one thing too.

inference/infer

To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information provided.

invective

An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.

irony/ironic

The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what actually is true. This is used for many reasons, but frequently, it’s used to create poignancy or humor. There are three types: verbal, situational, and dramatic.

juxtaposition

Placing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast.

loose sentence

A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence. A work containing many loose sentences often seems informal, relaxed, and conversational.

metaphor

A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. This language makes writing more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking, and meaningful.

metonymy

A term from the Greek meaning " “changed label” or “substitute name,” this is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.

mood

This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing. The first meaning is grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speaker’s attitude. The indicative of this is used only for factual sentences. The subjunctive of this is used for a doubtful or conditional attitude. The imperative of this is used for commands. The second meaning of this term is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect the mood. In this usage, mood is similar to atmosphere and tone.

Which is an example of homily?

A priest giving a short sermon during Sunday mass encouraging the congregation to forgive their neighbors.

Which is an example of hyperbole?

I’ve told you a million times to clean your room!

Which is an example of imagery?

The crisp autumn air smelled of burnt maple leaves, while golden foliage crunched softly underfoot.

Which is an example of inference?

You walk into a classroom, see damp umbrellas, wet jackets, and puddle tracks, and think: "It must be raining outside."

Which is an example of invective?

You are an absolute coward, a treacherous hypocrite, and a miserable excuse for a leader!

Which is an example of irony?

A fire station burning down due to unattended candles in the kitchen.

Which is an example of juxtaposition?

Placing a ultra-modern, glass skyscraper right next to a centuries-old, crumbling Gothic cathedral.

Which is an example of a loose sentence?

The boy went to the store to buy ice cream, even though it was pouring rain and getting dark outside.

Which is an example of a metaphor?

His voice was velvet.

Which is an example of metonymy?

The Crown announced a new public holiday today.

Which is an example of mood?

A dark, rainy night with howling winds, creaking floorboards, and flickering candles creates a gloomy and suspenseful atmosphere.

Which is an example of verbal irony?

During a torrential downpour with 40 mph winds, a person steps outside, looks at the sky, and says, "What lovely weather we're having today!"

Which is an example of situational irony?

A marriage counselor who has written three best-selling books on maintaining relationships files for divorce.

Which is an example of dramatic irony?

In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Romeo finds Juliet asleep from a potion and drinks real poison thinking she is dead. The audience knows she will wake up in seconds.