LESSON 3- HYPOTHESIS AND VARIABLES

Variables

any factor, trait, or condition that can
change or vary in a research study.

Variables

what researchers observe,
control, or measure to understand cause-and-effect relationships.

Cause and effect relationships

Variables are used to understand —.

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Controlled variable

3 types of variable

Independent variable

the one that the researcher
manipulates or changes on
purpose to see its effect on
another factor.

Dependent variable

what the researcher
measures or observes to see
how it responds to the
independent variable.

Relationship between independent and dependent variable

Image shows?

Controlled variables

factors that the researcher
keeps the same throughout
the experiment to ensure a
fair test.

Hypothesis

It is a smart guess based
on limited evidence,

Investigation

Hypothesis is used to start this

Hypothesis

It is used as a starting point for
investigation.

If I do this, then this will
happen, because scientific reason.

Formula for creating a hypothesis

1. Null hypothesis

2. Alternative hypothesis

2 types of hypothesis:

Null (No effect)

Alternative (There is an effect)

To understand null and alternative hypothesis

• Independent Variable

• Dependent Variable

• Controlled Variables

Parts of hypothesis

Independent variable

What you change

Dependent variable

What you measure

Controlled variable

What you keep the same